Bio test 3

Transpiration in plants requires _________. 1) adhesion of water molecules to cellulose 2) cohesion between water molecules 3) evaporation of water molecules 4) active transport through xylem cells 5) transport through tracheids A. 1, 3, 4, 5 B. 1, 2, 3 & 5 C. 1, 2, 3, 4 D. 1, 2, 4 & 5

1, 2, 3 & 5

Why does planting a cover crop help conserve soil? 1) controls weed populations 2) reduces soil loss due to wind and water erosion 3) increases soil nutrients when plowed under and allowed to decompose A. Only 1 B. 1 & 2 C. 2 & 3 D. 1, 2 & 3

2 & 3

Plasmogamy can directly result in which of the following? 1. Cells with a single haploid nucleus 2. Heterokaryotic cells 3. Dikaryotic cells 4. Cells with two diploid nuclei A. 1 or 3 B. 2 or 3 C. 3 or 4 D. 2 or 4

2 or 3

Arrange the following in order from largest to smallest. 1. Ascospore 2. Ascocarp 3. Ascomycete 4. Ascus A. 3-4-1-2 B. 2-4-1-3 C. 3-2-4-1 D. 2-3-4-1

3-2-4-1

Arrange the following in order from largest to smallest, assuming that they all come from the same fungus. 1. Basidiocarp 2. Basidium 3. Basidiospore 4. Mycelium 5. Gill A. 5-1-4-2-3 B. 4-5-1-2-3 C. 4-1-5-2-3 D. 5-1-3-2-4

4-1-5-2-3

Active transport of amino acids in plants at the cellular level requires ________? A. NADP and channel proteins B. Sodium/potassium pumps and xylem membranes C. ATP, transport proteins, and a proton gradient D. Xylem membranes and channel proteins

ATP, transport proteins, and a proton gradient

Hyphae from a covering over roots. These hyphae create a large surface area that helps to do which of the following? A. Aid in absorbing minerals and ions B. Increase cellular respiration C. Anchor a plant D. Maintain cell shape

Aid in absorbing minerals and ions

The opening of the stomata is thought to involve ____________. A. An increase in the solute concentration of the guard cells B. Movement of K+ from the guard cells C. Decreased turgor pressure in guard cells D. Active transport of water out of the guard cells

An increase in the solute concentration of the guard cells

The ________ is the most efficient route of water movement in plants, while the ______ is the most select. A. Apoplast: symplast B. Transmembrane: symplast C. Symplast: apoplast D. Apoplast: transmembrane

Apoplast: transmembrane

As an undergraduate research assistant, your duties involve measuring water potential in experimental soil-plant-atmosphere systems. Assume you make a series of measurements in a system under normal daylight conditions, with stomata open and photosynthesis occurring. Which of the following correctly depicts the trend your measurement data should follow if the cohesion-tension mechanism is operating? A. Atmosphere < leaves=roots < soil B. Atmosphere < leaves < roots < soil C. Soil < roots < leaves < atmosphere D. Soil < roots = leaves < atmosphere

Atmosphere < leaves < roots < soil

The value for the 🔱 in root tissue was found to be -0.15 MPa. If you take the root tissue and place it in a 0.1 M solution of sucrose (🔱= -0.23 MPa), the net water flow would ___________. A. Be in both directions and the concentration of water would remain equal B. Be from the sucrose solution into the tissue C. Be from the tissue into the sucrose solution D. Be impossible to determine from the values given here

Be from the tissue into the sucrose solution

What do fungi and arthropods have in common? A. Both groups use chitin for support B. Both groups have cell walls C. The haploid state is dominant in both groups D. Both groups are predominantly autotrophs that produce their own food

Both groups use chitin for support

Most of the dry mass of a plant is the result of uptake of _______. A. Water and minerals through mycorrhizae B. Carbon dioxide through stoma C. Carbon dioxide and oxygen through stomata in leaves D. Water and minerals through root hairs

Carbon dioxide through stoma

Nitrogen fixation is a process that _________. A. Converts nitrogen gas into ammonia B. Releases nitrate from the rock substrate C. Recycles nitrogen compounds from dead and decaying materials D. Converts ammonia to ammonium

Converts nitrogen gas into ammonia

In plant roots, the Casparian strip ________. A. Provides energy for the active transport of minerals into the stele from the cortex B. Aids in the uptake of nutrients C. Ensures that all water and dissolved substances must pass through a cell membrane before entering the stele D. Ensures that all minerals are absorbed from the soil in equal amounts

Ensures that all water and dissolved substances must pass through a cell membrane before entering the stele

The highest amount of oxygen will be found in soils containing large amounts of _________. A. Gravel B. Silt C. Clay D. Sand

Gravel

Most of the water taken up by a plant is ______. A. Lost during transpiration B. Used to keep cells turgid C. Used as a hydrogen source in photosynthesis D. Used as a solvent

Lost during transpiration

Some fungal species can kill herbivores while feeding off of sugars from its plant host. What type of relationship does this fungus have with its host? A. Mutualistic B. Predatory C. Parasitic D. Commensal

Mutualistic

Which of the following soil minerals is most likely leached away during a hard rain? A. Ca++ B. K+ C. NO3- D. Na+

NO3-

What is the overall charge on the cytoplasmic side of a plant cell plasma membrane? A. Negative B. Neutral C. Positive

Negative

Which elements are most often the limiting nutrients for plant growth? A. Carbon, sodium, chlorine B. Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen C. Nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus D. Nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen

Nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus

Which of the following are problems associated with intensive irrigation? 1) mineral runoff 2) over fertilization 3) aquifer depletion 4) soil salinization A. Only 1, 3 & 4 B. Only 3 & 4 C. Only 1 & 2 D. 1, 2, 3 & 4

Only 1, 3 & 4

The NPK percentages on a package of fertilizer refer to the _______. A. Proportions of three different nitrogen sources B. Percentage of manure collected from different types of animals C. Percentages of three important mineral nutrients D. Relative percentages of organic and inorganic nutrients in the fertilizer

Percentages of three important mineral nutrients

Epiphytes are _________. A. Plants that grow on other plants but do not obtain nutrients from their hosts B. Plants that have a symbiotic relationship with fungi C. Aerial vines common in tropical regions D. Plants that live in poor soil and digest insects to obtain nitrogen

Plants that grow on other plants but do not obtain nutrients from their hosts

In the pressure-flow mechanism, loading of sucrose from companion cells to sieve-tube elements takes place through _______. A. Sucrose-H+ antiporters B. Sucrose-H+ symporters C. Facilitated diffusion D. Plasmodesmata

Plasmodesmata

At which stage of a basidiomycete's life cycle would reproduction be halted if an enzyme that prevented the fusion of hyphae was introduced? A. Plasmogamy B. Fertilization C. Karyogamy D. Germination

Plasmogamy

In most fungi, karyogamy does not immediately follow plasmogamy, which consequently______. A. Results in multiple diploid nuclei per cell B. Results in heterokaryotic or dikaryotic cells C. Allows fungi to reproduce asexually most of the time D. Means that sexual reproduction can occur in specialized structures

Results in heterokaryotic or dikaryotic cells

Phloem transport is described as being from source to sink. Which of the following would most accurately complete this statement about phloem transport as applied to most plants in the late spring? Phloem transports ________ from the ________ source to the ________ sink. A. Sugars; woody stem; root B. Amino acids; roots; mycorrhizae C. Proteins; root; leaf D. Sugars; leaf; apical meristem

Sugars; leaf; apical meristem

What is the function of proton pumps localized in the plant plasma membrane? A. To transfer anions across the plasma membrane B. To transfer phosphorus groups from ATP to proteins C. To create a membrane potential D. To transfer metal ions across the plasma membrane

To create a membrane potential

Loss of water from the aerial parts of plants is called _________. A. Gas Exchange B. Transpiration C. Dehydration D. Respiration

Transpiration

Ignoring all other factors, what kind of day would result in the fastest delivery of water and minerals to the leaves of an oak tree? A. Cool, humid day B. Very hot, dry, windy day C. Warm, humid day D. Cool, dry day

Very hot, dry, windy day