bio test 3

In the figure above, which number would designate the biome with the highest variation in annual precipitation? Select one: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

a

The NPK percentages on a package of fertilizer refer to the _____. Select one: A. percentages of three important mineral nutrients B. proportions of three different nitrogen sources C. relative percentages of organic and inorganic nutrients in the fertilizer D. percentages of manure collected from different types of animals

a

Which of the following can function in signal transduction in plants ? I) calcium ions II) nonrandom mutations III) receptor proteins IV) autochrome V) secondary messengers Select one: A. only I, III, and V B. only II, III, and V C. only I, II, and V D. only I, III, and IV

a

Which of the following conclusions is supported by the research of both Went and Charles and Francis Darwin on shoot responses to light? Select one: A. A chemical substance involved in shoot bending is produced in shoot tips. B. Once shoot tips have been cut, normal growth cannot be induced. C. Light stimulates the synthesis of a plant hormone that responds to light. D. When shoots are exposed to light, a chemical substance migrates toward the light.

a

Which of the following might be an investigation of microclimate? Select one: A. the effect of sunlight intensity on species composition in a decaying rat carcass B. the seasonal population fluctuation of nurse sharks in coral reef communities C. the effect of ambient temperature on the onset of caribou migration D. competitive interactions between various species of songbirds during spring migration

a

Which of these events occurs first in seed germination? Select one: A. Water is taken up. B. Oxygen is produced and proteins are synthesized. C. Mitochondria multiply and provide energy for growth processes. D. Cell division occurs in the embryo and growth starts.

a

"Golden Rice" _____. Select one: A. is resistant to various herbicides, making it practical to weed rice fields with those herbicides B. contains daffodil genes that increase vitamin A content C. produces larger, golden grains that increase crop yields D. includes bacterial genes that produce a toxin that reduces damage from insect pests

b

How does the sperm of an angiosperm reach the egg? Select one: A. usually via an insect, which places sperm in the ovary while probing for nectar B. via the pollen tube that grows from the pollen grain through the carpel tissues to the ovule C. by actively swimming down through the style to the egg D. via the pollen tube that grows from the ovule to reach the pollen grain on the stigma

b

Most of the dry mass of a plant is the result of uptake of _____. Select one: A. carbon dioxide and oxygen through stomata in leaves B. carbon dioxide through stoma C. water and minerals through mycorrhizae D. water and minerals through root hairs

b

What major benefits do plants and mycorrhizal fungi receive from their symbiotic relationship? Select one: A. Plants receive enzymes, and fungi receive nitrogen and phosphorus. B. Fungi receive photosynthetic products in exchange for living in plant root nodules. C. Plants receive nitrogen and phosphorus, and fungi receive photosynthetic products. D. Plants receive increased root surface area, and fungi receive digestive enzymes.

c

Which of the following is a scientific concern related to creating genetically modified crops? Select one: A. The monetary costs of growing genetically modified plants are significantly greater than traditional breeding techniques. B. Genetically modified plants are less stable and may revert back to parental genotypes. C. Herbicide resistance may spread to weedy species. D. Genetically modified crops cannot survive without the addition of great amounts of fertilizer to the soil.

c

Which of the following is a true statement about asexual reproduction in plants? Select one: A. Cloning, although achieved in animals, has not been demonstrated in plants. B. Clones of plants do not occur naturally. C. Making cuttings of ornamental plants is a form of fragmentation. D. Reproduction of plants by cloning may be either sexual or asexual.

c

Which of the following statements about essential nutrients are true? Essential nutrients _____. I) are necessary for plant growth and reproduction II) are required for a specific structure or metabolic function III) cannot be synthesized by a plant IV) are produced by symbiotic bacteria Select one: A. I, II, III, and IV B. II, III, and IV C. I and IV D. I, II, and III

d

Which of the following statements best describes the effect of climate on biome distribution? Select one: A. Correlation of climate with biome distribution is sufficient to determine the cause of biome patterns. B. Average annual temperature and precipitation are sufficient to predict which biome will be found in an area. C. Seasonal fluctuation of temperature is not a limiting factor in biome distribution if areas have the same annual temperature and precipitation means. D. The average climate and pattern of climate are important in determining biome distribution

d

Which part of this seed contains stored food that allows the seed to grow until it can perform photosynthesis? Select one: A. part A B. part B C. part C D. part D

d

While hiking in a forest, you notice an unusual plant growing on the branches of a tree. What will help you to determine if this plant is epiphytic or parasitic? Select one: A. The epiphytic plant will have large water collecting leaves, and the parasitic plant will not. B. If the plant is green, it is epiphytic; if not, then it is parasitic. C. The root of an epiphytic plant will be in the soil, but a parasitic plant will grow from the trunk of a tree. D. The roots of a parasitic plant will penetrate under the bark into the tree xylem, and the roots of epiphytic plant will not.

d

The biological clock controlling circadian rhythms must ultimately _____. Select one: A. affect gene transcription B. stabilize on a 24-hour cycle C. depend on environmental cues D. speed up or slow down with increasing or decreasing temperature

a

What was the key to producing an effective Malaria drug that was discovered by Youyou Tu? Select one: a. Preparing the extract in a particular way. b. Combining two separate plant extracts. c. Using the correct species of wormwood. d. Removing a toxic compound first.

a

Plant growth regulators _____. Select one: A. affect the division and elongation, but not the differentiation, of cells B. often have a multiplicity of effects C. function independently of other hormones D. only act by altering gene expression

b

The black dots that cover strawberries are actually individual fruits. The fleshy and tasty portion of a strawberry derives from the receptacle of a flower with many separate carpels. Therefore, a strawberry is _____. Select one: A. both a multiple fruit and an accessory fruit B. both an aggregate fruit and an accessory fruit C. a simple fruit with many seeds D. both a multiple fruit and an aggregate fruit

b

The detector of light during de-etiolation (greening) of a tomato plant is (are) _____. Select one: A. carotenoids B. phytochrome C. auxin D. xanthophylls

b

Upon exposure to blue light, plants not only begin to grow toward the light, but move their chloroplasts to the sunny side of each cell. The adaptive advantage of moving chloroplasts to the sunny side of each cell _____. Select one: A. maximizes heat absorption by the chloroplasts for cellular respiration B. maximizes light absorption by the chloroplasts for photosynthesis C. increases production of phototropic hormones D. increases adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production during the light-independent reactions

b

What soil composition would be best for availability of nutrients, water, and root development? Select one: A. higher proportion of clay, lower amounts of humus and sand B. higher proportion of humus, lower amounts of clay and sand C. equal amounts of sand, clay, and humus D. higher proportion of sand, lower amount of humus and clay

b

Which of the following is a function of fruits? Select one: A. pollen dispersal B. seed dispersal C. attracting pollinators D. production of food for the developing embryo

b

Which of the following statements regarding flowering plants is correct? Select one: A. The gametophyte is the dominant generation. B. Pollination is the delivery of pollen to the stigma of a carpel. C. Female gametophytes develop from megaspores within the anthers. D. The food-storing endosperm is derived from the cell that contains one polar nucleus and two sperm nuclei.

b

Which of the following statements regarding flowering plants is correct? Select one: A. The gametophyte is the dominant generation. B. Pollination is the delivery of pollen to the stigma of a carpel. C. Female gametophytes develop from megaspores within the anthers. D. The food-storing endosperm is derived from the cell that contains one polar nucleus and two sperm nuclei.

b

Which of the following types of plants are incapable of self-pollination? Select one: A. monoecious B. dioecious C. wind-pollinated D. insect-pollinated

b

Why is the climate drier on the leeward (downwind) side of mountain ranges that are subjected to prevailing winds? Select one: A. The sun illuminates the leeward side of mountain ranges at a more direct angle, converting to heat energy, which evaporates most of the water present. B. Pushed by the prevailing winds on the windward side, air is forced to rise, cool, condense, and drop its precipitation, leaving drier air to descend the leeward side. C. Air masses pushed by the prevailing winds are stopped by mountain ranges and the moisture is used up in the stagnant air masses on the leeward side. D. Deserts create dry conditions on the leeward side of mountain ranges.

b

You have a small tree in your yard that is the height that you want it, but does not have as many branches as you want. How can you prune it to trigger it to increase the number of branches? Select one: A. Cut off lower branches. B. Cut off the tips of the main shoots C. Cut off the leaves at the ends of several branches. D. Cut off the leaves at the base of most of the branches.

b

A group of ten tomato plants are germinated and maintained in a large tray with no drainage. After several weeks they all begin to wilt and die despite repeated watering and fertilization. The most likely cause of this die-off is _____. Select one: A. organic nutrient depletion B. no room left for root growth C. a lack of oxygen for the roots Correct D. competition for resources

c

A summer occupation in the Corn Belt states is de-tasseling the corn: removing unwanted male flowers so that female flowers on the same plant are pollinated by the desired pollen for the hybrid corn. What does this tell you about corn? The flowers are _____. Select one: A. imperfect and the plant is dioecious B. perfect and the plant is dioecious C. imperfect and the plant is monoecious D. perfect and the plant is monoecious

c

Double fertilization means that _____. Select one: A. every sperm has two nuclei B. the egg of the embryo sac is diploid C. one sperm is needed to fertilize the egg, and a second sperm is needed to fertilize the polar nuclei D. flowers must be pollinated twice to yield fruits and seeds

c

Double fertilization means that _____. Select one: A. every sperm has two nuclei B. the egg of the embryo sac is diploid C. one sperm is needed to fertilize the egg, and a second sperm is needed to fertilize the polar nuclei D. flowers must be pollinated twice to yield fruits and seeds

c

If an ovary contains 50 ovules, what is the minimum number of pollen grains that must land to form 50 mature seeds? Select one: A. 100 B. 25 C. 50 D. 500

c

Micronutrients are needed in very small amounts because _____. Select one: A. they play only a minor role in the growth and health of the plant B. most of them are mobile in the plant C. most serve mainly as cofactors of enzymes D. only the most actively growing regions of the plants require micronutrients

c

What major benefits do plants and mycorrhizal fungi receive from their symbiotic relationship? Select one: A. Plants receive enzymes, and fungi receive nitrogen and phosphorus. B. Fungi receive photosynthetic products in exchange for living in plant root nodules. C. Plants receive nitrogen and phosphorus, and fungi receive photosynthetic products. D. Plants receive increased root surface area, and fungi receive digestive enzymes

c

_____ prevents seeds from germinating until conditions are favorable for the growth of the plant. Select one: A. Zeaxanthin B. Gibberellin C. Abscisic acid D. Ethylene

c

Carnivorous plants have evolved mechanisms that trap and digest small animals. The products of this digestion are used to supplement the plant's supply of _____. Select one: A. energy B. lipids and steroids C. carbohydrates D. nitrogen and other minerals

d

Cottonwood, aspen, and willow trees have beige flowers, with no petals, that appear before the tree's leaves are out in the spring; and they are dioecious. What does this indicate about these trees? Select one: A. The trees are self-pollinating. B. Their insect pollinators are specialists. C. Early emerging insects are probably the pollinators. D. Their pollen is dispersed by wind.

d

Generalized global air circulation and precipitation patterns are caused by _____. Select one: A. polar, cool, moist high-pressure air masses from the poles that move along the surface, releasing precipitation along the way to the equator, where they are heated and dried B. the revolution of Earth around the sun C. air masses that are dried and heated over continental areas that rise, cool aloft, and descend over oceanic areas followed by a return flow of moist air from ocean to land, delivering high amounts of precipitation to coastal areas D. rising, warm, moist air masses that cool and release precipitation as they rise and then, at high altitude, cool and sink back to the surface as dry air masses after moving north or south of the tropics

d

If you were shipping green bananas to a supermarket thousands of miles away, which of the following chemicals would you want to eliminate from the plants' environment? Select one: A. auxin B. carbon dioxide C. cytokinins D. ethylene

d

In terms of alternation of generations, the internal parts of the pollen grains of seed-producing plants are most similar to a _____. Select one: A. moss sporophyte B. fern sporophyte C. moss gametophyte bearing both male and female gametangia D. fern gametophyte bearing only antheridia

d

Plants often use changes in day length (photoperiod) to trigger events such as dormancy and flowering. It is logical that plants have evolved this mechanism because photoperiod changes _____. Select one: A. predict moisture availability B. can reset the biological clock C. are modified by soil temperature changes D. are more predictable than air temperature changes

d

The main reason polar regions are cooler than the equator is that _____. Select one: A. the poles are farther from the sun B. the polar atmosphere is thinner and contains fewer greenhouse gases C. the poles are permanently tilted away from the sun D. sunlight strikes the poles at a lower angle

d