Bio Test #3 Retake

Bacteria are able to adhere to substrates and to other individuals by using which structures?

Capsules and fimbriae

Based on the data, which cell is likely to be most effective in the exchange of materials?

Cell 2

Microfilaments are well known for their role in which of the following?

All of the answers are correct

Which of these statements about mitochondria and chloroplasts is true?

All of these

Using data from the table above, select the best explanation for why that cell will be able to eliminate waste most efficiently?

Cell 2 since it has the highest surface area to volume ratio which facilitates the exchange of materials between a cell and its environment.

Grana, thylakoids, and stroma are all components found in

Chloroplasts

Which of the following observations best supports the model (photosynthetic)?

Chloroplasts/some prokaryotes have similar photosynthetic reactions

Which of the following best describes how the ratio of the density of stomata per CO2 concentration changes as the CO2 concentration increases?

Decreases from 0.86 to 0.63, fewer stomata needed at higher CO2 concentrations.

Which of the following structures play a key role in maintaining the structural integrity of animal tissues?

Desmosomes and intermediate filaments

A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from

Either animal or plant cell

Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through

Gap junctions

Which of the following is needed for Step 2 to occur?

Glycoproteins on the virus coat bind to a commentary receptor on the host cell.

Which of the following processes within viral replication is the greatest source of genetic variation in the RNA virus populations?

High mutation rate due tot lack of proofreading of RNA genome replication errors.

Which prediction of the effect of this disruption of cellular compartmentalization is most likely correct?

Hydrolytic enzymes released, will cause cell death.

Which shows the correct sequence in which they occur?

III ---> IV ---> II ---> 1 ---> V

Which of the following conclusions about the radiolabeled amino acid is best supported by the results of the experiment.

Incorporated into carbohydrates

Which of the following conclusions about increasing the number of folds in the inner mitochondrial membrane is best supported by the results of the experiment?

Increases the surface area for ATP production, which results in faster cell growth.

Which of the following claims about the origin of the euglenid chloroplast is best supported by the three membrane structure of the envelope (endosymbiosis)?

It originated from the incorporation of a photosynthetic prokaryote into a eukaryotic cell by two endosymbiotic events.

Which of the following identifies the subpopulation responsible for the initiation of this response?

Memory B cell

Which of the following is a correct match between a cytoskeletal element and its function?

Microtubules and chromosome movements

Which of these structures are found in both plant and animal cells?

Mitochondria

Identify the statement below that best explains how internal membranes and the organelles of cells would be involved in Gaucher disease.

The lysosomes lack sufficient amounts of enzymes necessary for the metabolism of liquids.

Which of the following observations best supports the claim that mitochondria evolved from once free living prokaryotic cells by process of endocytosis?

Mitochondria are surrounded by a double membrane.

The cells are involved innate immunity, and a person lacking these cells may have a higher than normal chance of developing malignant tumors.

Natural killer cells

Which of the following combinations of structures is expected to be directly involved in the process?

Nucleus, ribosome, ER, Golgi complex

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Only bacteria have histones associated with DNA.

Which of the following best describe the Endomembrane system?

Products of the ER are usually modified during their transit from the cis to the trans region of he Golgi apparatus?

Cancer cells given vinblastine would be unable to carry out which of the following processes?

Separate chromosomes during cell division

Prokaryotic ribosomes differ from those present in eukaryotic cytosol. Because of this, which of the following is correct?

Some selective antibiotics can block protein synthesis of bacteria without effects on protein synthesis in the eukaryotic hosts.

Which of the following is accounted for the immunological memory?

The ancient observation that someone who had recovered from the plague could safely care for those newly diseased.

Which of the following provides the MOST accurate explanation for why the hydrolytic enzymes released by lysosomes when they fuse with damaged organelles do not continue to act on other healthy and functioning organelles after the targeted organelle is broken down and recycled?

The enzymes of lysosomes require an acidic pH to achieve a functional shape, and the alkaline pH of the cytosol quickly denatures them

Based on the information provided, Gaucher disease results most directly from a defect in the function of which of the following organelles?

The lysosome

Which of the following functions is this cell type most likely specialized to perform?

The production and secretion of proteins

Which of the following characteristics determine a virus's host range?

The proteins on its surface and that of the host

Which of the following provides an accurate calculation of the surface area to volume ratio of an HS red blood cells, as well as a prediction of its effect on the efficient transferring of oxygen compared to an normal red blood cell?

The ratio is 0.89 and the cells are less efficient at transferring oxygen.

Which cellular component will be found in the widest range of organisms in the sample?

The ribosome, since all organisms need to synthesize proteins.

Which of the following cellular deficiencies would most likely be related to mutations in mitochondrial proteins

Unable to complete electron transport and ATP production

Which of the following treatments is least likely to produce a drug resistant strain of HIV in a patient?

Using moderate doses of nucleoside analogs and two different protease inhibitors at the same time for several months.

Clonal selection implies that

antigens increase mitosis in specific lymphocytes.

Which of the following structures play a direct role in permitting bacteria to adhere to each other, or to other surfaces?

fimbriae

Why isn't the mitochondrion classified as part of the endomembrane system?

its structure is not derived from the ER

The feedback mechanism that governs this system is best characterized as

positive feedback because cytokines activate a greater number of B (plasma) cells that, in turn, will attract and activate more T and B cells.

Which is true of active but not passive immunity?

requires direct exposure to a living or stimulated pathogen, specifically- the pathogen's antigen.

A primary objective of cell fractionation is to

separate the major organelles so that their particular functions can be determined.

If an individual has abnormal microtubules, due to a hereditary condition, in which organs or tissues would you expect dysfunction?

sperm, larynx, and trachea