bio test 4 13-14

The secretion of oxytocin during childbirth stimulates ADH release by the anterior pituitary gland.

False

Disorders associated with the endocrine system can be caused by problems with hormone production or lack of receptors for the hormones on the target cells.

True

Hyposecretion of ADH results in

diabetes insipidus

Which one of the following nonhormonal chemical messengers is important in local control of blood flow and blood clotting?

prostaglandins

The ________ is the region of a tooth that lies below the gum line, and the entire tooth sits in a socket in the jawbone, lined with ________, indicated by label ________.

root, periodontal membrane, E

The anterior pituitary gland produces all of the following EXCEPT which one?

ADH

A goiter results from low dietary iodine levels

because thyroxine cannot be made, which results in high levels of TSH

Uptake of blood glucose by liver cells is stimulated by

insulin

1. responsible for motility in the gastrointestinal tract 2. attaches organs to the body wall; this thin layer of connective tissue is located on the surface of the organs 3. all nutrients must cross this layer 4. food molecules that are absorbed by mucosa enter the blood vessels of this tissue layer

1- muscularis 2-serosa 3-mucose 4-submucosa

Bile is an important enzyme that digests lipids.

False

Erythropoietin, a hormone secreted by the liver, stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow.

False

Gingivitis occurs when tooth decay causes inflammation of the enamel and pulp of the tooth.

False

Secretin is released by the liver to stimulate the pancreas to release bicarbonate into the small intestine.

False

The alpha, beta, and delta cells located in the islets of Langerhans of the thyroid produce three different hormones that are important in the regulation of sodium and potassium levels of the blood.

False

The appendix is considered one of the lesser accessory organs of the digestive tract.

False

The responsiveness of cells to calcitonin increases as an individual ages; maximum responsiveness occurs in elderly individuals as a mechanism to improve the stability and strength of bones. T/F

False

FSH is a hormone important to the proper functioning of the ovaries and testes. This hormone will not be released from the anterior pituitary until ________ is released from the hypothalamus.

GnRH

All of the following statements about the endocrine system are TRUE EXCEPT which one?

Hormones act more quickly than the nervous system.

Prednisone is a glucocorticoid hormone that is sometimes prescribed to treat rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and severe allergic reactions. If prednisone were taken for several weeks, which one of the following might occur?

Production of natural cortisol may decrease.

All of following statements are TRUE regarding estrogen and progesterone, EXCEPT which one?

They are peptide hormones that activate target cells through the cyclic AMP second messenger mechanism.

"MyPlate" provides a personalized approach to assist an individual in developing a successful nutrition and exercise plan.

True

Steroid hormones typically move across the cell and nuclear membranes to bind to receptors in the nucleus.

True

Which one of the following labeled parts of the tooth is made up of a nonliving compound of phosphate and calcium?

a

Which major digestive process involves nutrient molecules passing across the mucosal layer of the gastrointestinal tract into the blood or lymph?

absorption

Mucin in saliva functions to

aid in food particles sticking together.

The thymus produces two peptides that function to

aid in the maturation of T lymphocytes

Which one of the following is caused by the secretion of atrial natriuretic hormone by the heart?

decrease in blood pressure

Bile assists in the chemical digestion of triglycerides by

emulsifying large fat droplets into tiny ones, providing more surface area for enzymes

An individual, driving through his neighborhood, suddenly jams on his car brakes to avoid hitting a child who runs into the road after a ball. A few seconds later, the driver finds that he is shaking and his heart is pounding. This is primarily due to the secretion of which one of the following?

epinephrine from the adrenal medulla

Which one of the following hormone pairs is antagonistic, in that they have opposing effects?

glucagon, insulin

Saturated fats differ from unsaturated fats in that saturated fats

have at least two hydrogen atoms for every carbon atom in their fatty acid tails

All of the following may result from untreated diabetes mellitus EXCEPT which one?

increased susceptibility to cancer

Which one of the following is required in the diet in order for active thyroid hormones to be produced?

iodine

Bile is produced by the ________ and stored in the ________.

liver, gall bladder

The layer of the gastrointestinal tract wall that is responsible for motility is the

muscularis

"Gurgling of the stomach" is due to

peristaltic contractions

Cortisol is a glucocorticoid that helps maintain blood glucose levels during fasting by

promoting fat utilization

The digestion of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates is completed in the

small intestine

Water-soluble vitamins differ from fat-soluble vitamins in that water-soluble vitamins are

stored for a brief period of time.

Which one of the following results in a higher basal metabolic rate?

stress

During swallowing,

the epiglottis bends to close the trachea.

Nutrient-rich blood moves from the small intestine to the liver via

the hepatic portal system.

Which two endocrine glands exert the most control over blood calcium levels

thyroid and parathyroid

The action of nonsteroid hormones often results in conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP, which then functions

to initiate a cascade of enzyme activations

In the small intestine, amino acids and monosaccharaides are moved into the mucosal cells by the process of

active transport

The region of the small intestine with the lowest pH is the ________.

duodenum

Insufficient production of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary may result in

dwarfism

Which one of the following would likely develop in a person with celiac disease who continues to consume gluten?

malabsorption

Which of the following tissues/organs is NOT a member of the endocrine system?

salivary gland

As chyme leaves the stomach, the acidic nature of the partially digested food stimulates the duodenum to release the hormone

secretin