bio test one ch20 (Ben)

What is the size range of bacteria and archaea?

0.2 to 10 micrometers

Which of the following genera contains spherically shaped bacteria?

Micrococcus

From which cell does the sex pilus originate during bacterial conjugation?

The donor cell

Your dog is diagnosed with Lyme disease, which your veterinarian treats the same as a person would be treated. Which of the following is she most likely to prescribe?

an antibiotic

There are four bacteria in an egg salad that is left out at room temperature. After two hours, how many bacteria will be in the egg salad?

256

What is the definition of an anaerobic cell?

A cell that does not require oxygen for its energy-producing metabolism and consequently, can survive in an oxygen-free environment

Some bacteria can produce slime that allows them to aggregate into colonies on surfaces. The result is a biofilm. How could biofilms be responsible for tooth decay?

Biofilms are not removed by brushing, so bacterial growth and activity initiates tooth decay.

Your aunt takes a canoe trip through the Boundary Waters in Northern Minnesota. She later finds out she contracted Lyme disease while on the trip. Which of following is the most likely cause of her infection?

Borellia burgdorferi

Which structure helps bacteria to attach within the tissues that they will infect?

Capsule

Which of the following describes a viral particle?

DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat

The rapid and inexpensive routine laboratory procedure used to classify the bacterial world into two major groups is called the __________.

Gram stain

The polymerase chain reaction requires a heat-resistant enzyme. What is the relationship between this fact and hot springs in Yellowstone National Park?

Heat-resistant enzymes can be extracted from heat-resistant bacteria growing in Yellowstone National Park hot springs.

What is the function of reverse transcriptase?

It catalyzes the formation of DNA from an RNA template.

Which of the following is true?

Lyme disease is spread by ticks.

What is a major role of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention?

Monitor and report the state of the health of the U.S. citizenry.

What is the role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria?

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria capture nitrogen gas from the air and using hydrogen produce ammonium, which can be used as a nitrogen source by plants.

Which of the following statements best describes the end result of bacterial conjugation?

One cell has given a copy of a plasmid to another cell and kept one copy for itself.

Why is it that prokaryotic cells evolve more quickly than eukaryotic cells?

Rapid reproduction provides additional opportunity for mutations that are responsible for genetic variability.

Why did life begin on Earth using an anaerobic mode of metabolism?

The atmosphere contained no oxygen at that time.

Why are prokaryotes the most abundant living organisms on Earth?

They are able to adapt to a wide range of habitats.

Why do virologists consider viruses to be nonliving?

They are not cells nor are they composed of cells, the basic components of life.

What makes it difficult to distinguish between bacteria and archaea?

They are small and structurally similar.

What is the purpose of prokaryotic flagella?

They provide a mechanism of motility for the cell.

Why are we constantly warned to make sure that hamburger and other meats are cooked thoroughly?

To warn people to provide enough heat to kill Escherichia coli O157:H7 contaminating the meat

True or False. During bacterial conjugation, the recipient cell receives a single-stranded loop of DNA.

True

True or false. Bacteria reproduce by an asexual process in which one parent cell gives rise to identical daughter cells.

True

What is the major difference between a virus and a viroid?

Viruses have a protein coat and viroids do not.

Why is it possible for different microorganisms to extract energy not only from carbohydrates and other biological molecules but from a large variety of substances, such as petroleum, methane, benzene, toluene and even inorganic molecules, such as hydrogen, sulfur, ammonia, and iron?

Where energy sources were available, life adapted to use them through processes of natural selection.

What is an advantage of having a flagellum?

ability to migrate toward nutrients

_____________ are organisms that can live and grow in the absence of oxygen.

anaerobes

Life as we know it cannot flourish on the moon but it might be possible for it to survive. What life form on Earth might survive on the moon?

bacterial endospores

Which of the following is considered to be the most effective biological agent used in terrorist attacks?

bacterial endospores of the agent that causes anthrax

_____________ are viruses that only infect bacteria.

bacteriophages

What is the major means of reproduction in prokaryotes?

binary fission

Dental plaque is one example of a(n) ___________, a colony of different prokaryote species that secrete slime that sticks the cells to a substrate and to each other.

biofilm

______________ is the use of organisms to remove or detoxify toxic substances in the environment.

bioremediation

You are a doctor treating a patient. Which of the following is most likely to lead you to diagnose Lyme disease?

bullseye rash

In prokaryotes, ______________ is the transfer of DNA from one cell to another via temporary connection.

conjugation

How is cholera, a disease that is a major killer in poorer parts of the world, spread?

contaminated drinking water

When some bacteria are exposed to harsh conditions, they produce _______________, thick-coated protective structures that form within the bacterial cell.

endospores

Which of the following would initiate sporulation in bacteria?

environmental conditions, such as desiccation, that make the environment inhospitable

What is the source of a viral envelope?

host cell membrane

If the United States is like Europe, which of the following will be true?

it will be discovered that even more species cause Lyme disease.

What is a possible outcome of conjugation in prokaryotic cells?

new genetic combinations within the species

The general term for organisms that are capable of producing disease is ______________.

pathogens

What is a major difference between the domains, Bacteria and Archaea?

peptidoglycan in the cell wall of bacteria but not the archaea

What is the smallest infectious agent that infects humans and exists and replicates as a single protein?

prion

n terms of abundance, which of the following is Earth's predominant form of life?

prokaryotes

In the process known as _________________, a single bacterium divides in half, producing two identical offspring.

prokaryotic fission

Double-stranded viral DNA is incorporated into a host cell as a _____.

provirus

The genetic material of HIV consists of _____.

single-stranded RNA

Which of the following diseases is caused by the bacterium, Clostridium tetani?

tetanus

Bioremediation is __________.

the breakdown of pollutants by living organisms, particularly bacteria

Some bacteria have an impact on human nutrition. What vitamin does our intestinal bacteria synthesize that we absorb for our use?

vitamin K