bio tm2

Bacteria

Prokaryotic cells Cell walls with peptidoglycan Includes autotrophs and heterotrophs

Paul is studying a certain species of algae. The algae is unicellular, eukaryotic, and autotrophic. In the Linnaean system, the species is classified in Kingdom Protista. Based on this information, what can Paul conclude about the classification of the species into clades?

The species is classified in a clade that does not include all protists.

In the 1990s, many scientists agreed that the five-kingdom classification scheme should be expanded to six kingdoms. Which discovery supported this decision?

Two groups of monerans—Eubacteria and Archaebacteria—differed significantly from one another.

Scientists recently revised the classification of the red panda (Ailurus fulgens). They based their revision on comparisons of data obtained from the red panda and other species. Which type of data provided the STRONGEST evidence for the revised classification?

analysis of DNA sequences

a dichotomos key is used for

can be used to identify organisms with a series of paired statements

What are derived characters?

characteristics that appear in recent parts of a lineage but not in its older members

The diagram shown here is an example of a _______ . On the branch for mammals, a label for body hair could be added to show a _____ , which is a trait that arose in a lineage.

cladogram, derrived character

cladistics

classification based on common ancestry

the 6 kingoms of life are

eubacteria, archea, protista, plantae, fungi, and animalia

an order is a broad taxonomic category composed of similar

families

Advances in the study of ___ led to a classification system based on evolutionary relationships. This new system is based on the concept of a ______ , which contains a single common ancestor that all species within that clade descended from.

phylogeny, clade

Scientists depend on a system of _______ to name and classify species. Carolus Linnaeus developed _______ , in which species are assigned two-part names. The science of naming and grouping organisms is called______ , and the term ____-describes any of the groups of organisms.

taxonomy, binomial nomenclature, systematics, taxa

What is taxonomy?

the science of naming and classifying organisms

Archaea

Prokaryotic cells Includes methanogens and halophiles Includes autotrophs and heterotrophs

The species Ursus arctos, Ursus maritimus, and Ursus americanus are all members of the same genus. The classification of the three species supports which statement about them?

The three species share many characteristics and are biologically related.

Organism A and organism B are both classified in the same phylum. Which additional information about the two species can be concluded?

The two organisms are members of the same kingdom.

Clade

A group of species that includes an ancestral species and all its descendants.

binomial nomenclature

A system for giving each organism a two-word scientific name that consists of the genus name followed by the species name

In the Linnaean system, birds and reptiles are each classified in a separate class. However, in the modern system, birds are members of the clade Reptilia. Which conclusion, based on evidence, did scientists cite to revise the classification of birds?

Birds descended from the most recent common ancestor of reptiles.

Cladogram

Diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms

Howard is constructing a model of the tree of life. Which strategy would most likely ensure that all of Earth's organisms are represented somewhere in the model?

Draw three branches for the domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

Eukarya

Eukaryotic cells Includes plants, animals, and fungi Includes autotrophs and heterotrophs

Phylogeny

Evolutionary history of a species or group of species.

Linnaeus system of classification

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species