BIO211 Lecture (ch. 20)
Place the events of autonomic blood pressure regulation in the correct sequence. (1) Blood vessel wall stretches (2) Baroreceptors in vessels increase firing rates (3) Sensory input sent to cardiovascular center (4) Cardioacceleratory center decreases nerve signals along sympathetic pathways (5) Heart rate and stroke volume decrease (6) Blood flow returns to resting levels (7) Blood pressure increases
- Blood pressure increases - Blood vessel wall stretches - Baroreceptors in vessels increase firing rates - Sensory input sent to cardiovascular center - Cardioacceleratory center decreases nerve signals along sympathetic pathways - Heart rate and stroke volume decrease - Blood flow returns to resting levels
Which of the following would cause a temporary increase in arterial blood pressure? Choose all that apply. (1) Decreased blood volume (2) Increased blood volume (3) Increased cardiac output (4) Decreased cardiac output (5) Vasoconstriction (6) Vasodilation V
- Increased blood volume - Increased cardiac output - vasoconstriction
Place the events of tissue autoregulation in the correct sequence. (a) Decreased levels of oxygen and nutrients (b) Local vasodilation (c) Increased blood to capillaries (d) Decreased levels of CO2, H+, and K+ (e) Local vasoconstriction (f) Increased metabolic activity of tissue (g) Perfusion of tissue temporarily inadequate
- Increased metabolic activity of tissue - Perfusion of tissue temporarily inadequate - Decreased levels of oxygen and nutrients - Local vasodilation - Increased blood to capillaries - Decreased levels of CO2, H+, and K+ - Local vasoconstriction
Rank in order the events involved in the production of angiotensin II. (1) Kidneys detect low blood pressure (2) Renin is released from the kidney. (3) Angiotensin II is formed after contact with angiotensin-converting enzyme. (4) Angiotensinogen is converted to angiotensin I.
- Kidneys detect low blood pressure. - Renin is released from the kidney. - Angiotensinogen is converted to angiotensin I - Angiotensin II is formed after contact with angiotensin-converting enzyme.
Place the steps of angiotensin II formation in the correct sequence. (1) Low blood pressure in kidney (2) Renin released into the blood (3) Conversion of angiotensinogen into angiotensin I (4) ACE converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II (5) Vasoconstriction occurs and thirst center is stimulated
- Low blood pressure in kidney - Renin released into the blood - Conversion of angiotensinogen into angiotensin I - ACE converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II - Vasoconstriction occurs and thirst center is stimulated
Choose all that could potentially result in an increase in arterial blood pressure (1) Vasoconstriction of arterioles (2) Increase in cardiac rate (3) Decrease in peripheral resistance (4) Increase in stroke volume
- Vasoconstriction of arterioles - Increase in cardiac rate - Increase in stroke volume
A patient's systolic pressure is 130 and diastolic pressure is 90. What is the pulse pressure? (a) 103 (b) 40 (c) 220 (d) 60
40
released from the posterior pituitary Angiotensin II Aldosterone ADH ANP
ADH
vasopressin Angiotensin II Aldosterone ADH ANP
ADH
increase urine output Angiotensin II Aldosterone ADH ANP
ANP
secreted by the atrium Angiotensin II Aldosterone ADH ANP
ANP
vasodilator Angiotensin II Aldosterone ADH ANP
ANP
produced in the adrenal cortex Angiotensin II Aldosterone ADH ANP
Aldosterone
mainly formed in the lungs Angiotensin II Aldosterone ADH ANP
Angiotensin II
stimulates thirst center Angiotensin II Aldosterone ADH ANP
Angiotensin II
vasoconstriction Angiotensin II Aldosterone ADH ANP
Angiotensin II ADH
decreases urine output Angiotensin II Aldosterone ADH ANP
Angiotensin II Aldosterone ADH
Select all the hormones that increase blood pressure. (1) Angiotensin II (2) Aldosterone (3) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (4) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Angiotensin II Aldosterone Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Select all that are forms of peripheral resistance. (1) Blood viscosity (2) blood pressure (3) vessel length (4) vessel radius
Blood viscosity vessel length vessel radius
Hydrostatic Pressure/ Colloid Osmotic Pressure pull of water back into a tissue
Colloid Osmotic Pressure
Hydrostatic Pressure/ Colloid Osmotic Pressure typically promotes reabsorption
Colloid Osmotic Pressure
Place the following vessels in the order through which blood would pass back to the heart. Venous palmar arches Basilic vein Axillary vein Subclavian vein Brachiocephalic vein Superior vena cava
Venous palmar arches Basilic vein Axillary vein Subclavian vein Brachiocephalic vein Superior vena cava
Edema can be caused as a result of which event(s)? (a) Increased tissue protein concentration, causing a decrease in osmosis of interstitial fluid into capillaries. (b) all of the choices are correct (c) Obstruction of lymphatic vessels, blocking lymphatic drainage. (d) Decreased plasma protein concentration, causing a decrease in osmosis of interstitial fluid into capillaries. (e) Hypertension, causing an increase in tissue fluid at the arteriolar ends of capillaries.
all of the choices are correct
Although net filtration occurs at the ___________ end of a capillary and net reabsorption at its _____________ end, not all of the fluid is reabsorbed. The capillary typically reabsorbs only about __________ of the fluid that has passed into the interstitial fluid. The _____________ system is responsible for picking up _________ of this excess fluid and returning it to the blood. arterial venous 85% 15% lymphatic
arterial venous 85% lymphatic 15%
Classify the given terms or examples with the appropriate category. have pulse pressure (1) arteries (2) veins (3) capillaries
arteries
Classify the given terms or examples with the appropriate category. have systolic and diastolic pressures (1) arteries (2) veins (3) capillaries
arteries
Classify the given terms or examples with the appropriate category. pulsatile (1) arteries (2) veins (3) capillaries
arteries
label into the appropriate position to identify whether the characteristic is indicative of arteries or veins. exhibit greater ability to alter vessel diameter
arteries
label into the appropriate position to identify whether the characteristic is indicative of arteries or veins. have pulsatile flow of blood
arteries
label into the appropriate position to identify whether the characteristic is indicative of arteries or veins. most carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the body
arteries
Blood pressure is highest in the ___________ and lowest in the _____________. (a) arteries; capillaries (b) arterioles; venules (c) brachial artery; capillaries (d) arteries closest to the heart; veins
arteries closest to the heart; veins C
The vessels leaving the heart will branch and become smaller in diameter, these are the _____________ transport fluids heart aorta arteries arterioles capillaries
arteries.
This pressure forces fluid out of the capillaries especially at the ____________ end. In the capillaries very large molecules, which are not lipid soluble, remain. An example of these would be ______________. capillary pressure hydrostatic pressure arteriolar plasma proteins colloidal osmotic pressure venular
arteriolar plasma proteins
Most of the redirection will occur in the ___________. redirects intestines more arterioles
arterioles
The vessels will continue to branch and get smaller into ____________. Eventually, they will become the ______________, which are the sites of gas, nutrient, and waste exchange. transport fluids heart aorta arteries arterioles capillaries
arterioles capillaries
Classify the given terms or examples with the appropriate category. 40-20 mm Hg (1) arteries (2) veins (3) capillaries
capillaries
Classify the given terms or examples with the appropriate category. pressures determine net filtration (1) arteries (2) veins (3) capillaries
capillaries
Classify the given terms or examples with the appropriate category. sufficient to drive exchange at tissues (1) arteries (2) veins (3) capillaries
capillaries
In both pulmonary and systemic circulation, gas exchange occurs at the (a) venules (b) all of the answers are correct (c) capillaries (d) arteries
capillaries
The volume of blood that leaves the _____________ must be close to the volume that returns. capillary pressure hydrostatic pressure arteriolar plasma proteins colloidal osmotic pressure venular
capillary
These molecules are responsible for the _____________, which draws water into the capillaries to help return fluids at the _____________ end of the capillary. capillary pressure hydrostatic pressure arteriolar plasma proteins colloidal osmotic pressure venular
colloidal osmotic pressure venular
As the cross-sectional area of blood vessels increases, velocity of blood flow decrease increase
decrease
Select the correct word from the list to complete each sentence regarding the relationship between blood flow, vessel radius, and resistance. As the radius of a vessel increases, the resistance _________________. smaller decrease increase larger vasoconstriction vasodilation
decrease
increase flow/ decrease flow dehydration
decrease flow
increase flow/ decrease flow increased resistance
decrease flow
increase flow/ decrease flow increasing blood viscosity
decrease flow
increase flow/ decrease flow vasoconstriction
decrease flow
Concomitantly, thoracic cavity volume increases and intrathoracic pressure ________________. Blood is propelled from the abdominopelvic cavity into the thoracic cavity. valves limbs toward thoracic cavity diaphragm increases abdominal cavity decreases
decreases
The ______________ contracts and flattens as we inspire valves limbs toward thoracic cavity diaphragm increases abdominal cavity decreases
diaphragm
The ______________ is measured when the heart is relaxing and represents the lowest pressure exerted in the walls of the arteries during the heart cycle systolic blood pressure mean arterial pressure diastolic blood pressure pulse pressure
diastolic blood pressure
When carbon dioxide accumulates in a tissue, local arterioles will _________, increasing perfusion and decreasing carbon dioxide levels. (a) dilate (b) constrict (c) grow in length and diameter (d) not change
dilate
filtration/ reabsorption movement of fluid out of blood
filtration
filtration/ reabsorption occurs at the arterial end of a capillary
filtration
During inflammation, __________ may be released and act as a vasodilator. (a) angiotensin II (b) aldosterone (c) antidiuretic hormone (d) histamine
histamine
This shift in fluid balance at the arterial end is referred to as ___________ pressure. out venous waste hydrostatic liquid
hydrostatic
Hydrostatic Pressure/ Colloid Osmotic Pressure can promote filtration from a capillary
hydrostatic pressure
Hydrostatic Pressure/ Colloid Osmotic Pressure mainly pushes material out of a capillary
hydrostatic pressure
Hydrostatic Pressure/ Colloid Osmotic Pressure physical force exerted by a fluid on a structure
hydrostatic pressure
Select the correct word from the list to complete each sentence regarding the relationship between blood flow, vessel radius, and resistance. As the resistance decreases, the blood flow _______________. smaller decrease increase larger vasoconstriction vasodilation
increase
Angiotensin II and ADH (in high doses) _____________ peripheral resistance and blood pressure; and angiotensin II, aldosterone, and ADH ______________ urine output to help maintain blood volume and blood pressure. increase decrease vasodilation peripheral resistance urine output volume pressure
increase decrease
increase flow/ decrease flow increasing blood pressure
increase flow
increase flow/ decrease flow increasing blood velocity
increase flow
Intra-abdominal pressure ________________ and places pressure on the vessels within the __________________. valves limbs toward thoracic cavity diaphragm increases abdominal cavity decreases
increases abdominal cavity
After a meal the ___________ receive priority and the skeletal muscles receive very little flow. redirects intestines more arterioles
intestines
Select the correct word from the list to complete each sentence regarding the relationship between blood flow, vessel radius, and resistance. the _______________ the radius of a vessel, the less the resistance. smaller decrease increase larger vasoconstriction vasodilation
larger
The skeletal muscle pump assists the movement of blood primarily within the_____________. As skeletal muscles contract, veins are squeezed to help propel the blood ____________ the heart. valves limbs toward thoracic cavity diaphragm increases abdominal cavity decreases
limbs toward
This is the physical force exerted by a ____________ against a surface like a capillary wall. out venous waste hydrostatic liquid
liquid
When one-third of pulse pressure is added to the diastolic pressure, a good estimate of _______________ is obtained. systolic blood pressure mean arterial pressure diastolic blood pressure pulse pressure
mean arterial pressure
During exercise the skeletal muscles receive __________ blood flow. redirects intestines more arterioles
more
Typically fluid filters ____________ the arterial end of a capillary. out venous waste hydrostatic liquid
out
Blood ____________ comes from the volume of blood and the contractions of the ventricles and is known as___________. capillary pressure hydrostatic pressure arteriolar plasma proteins colloidal osmotic pressure venular
pressure hydrostatic pressure
Subtracting the SBP from the DBP results in _______________which is directly proportional to the overall strength of one's pulse. systolic blood pressure mean arterial pressure diastolic blood pressure pulse pressure
pulse pressure
filtration/ reabsorption movement of fluid back into the blood
reabsorption
filtration/ reabsorption occurs at the venous end of a capillary
reabsorption
Blood flow ______________ according to metabolic needs. redirects intestines more arterioles
redirects
Select the correct word from the list to complete each sentence regarding the relationship between blood flow, vessel radius, and resistance. The ______________ the radius of a vessel, the greater the resistance. smaller decrease increase larger vasoconstriction vasodilation
smaller
A long-term response to an increase in blood pressure would involve (a) the lungs increase the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. (b) stimulation of the hypothalamus increases ADH secretion by the posterior pituitary. (c) stimulation of the atrial myocardium increases atrial natriuretic hormone. (d) kidneys detect the increase and increase renin secretion.
stimulation of the atrial myocardium increases atrial natriuretic hormone.
The highest pressure exerted on the arterial walls during the heart cycle is referred to as __________________ systolic blood pressure mean arterial pressure diastolic blood pressure pulse pressure
systolic blood pressure
The respiratory pump assists the movement of blood within the _______________. valves limbs toward thoracic cavity diaphragm increases abdominal cavity decreases
thoracic cavity
A major function of the cardiovascular system is to ________________. To fulfill this purpose, you have the following structures: The _____________, provides pressure to pump the fluids into the large and elastic _____________, which will carry the blood to the body. transport fluids heart aorta arteries arterioles capillaries
transport fluids heart aorta
A relatively small blood pressure gradient is generally insufficient to move blood through the veins under given conditions, thus venous return must be facilitated by _______________ within veins and two "pumps." . valves limbs toward thoracic cavity diaphragm increases abdominal cavity decreases
valves
Select the correct word from the list to complete each sentence regarding the relationship between blood flow, vessel radius, and resistance. Blood flow to an organ will decrease with ________________. smaller decrease increase larger vasoconstriction vasodilation
vasoconstriction
vasodilators/ vasoconstrictors endothelins
vasoconstrictors
vasodilators/ vasoconstrictors thromboxanes
vasoconstrictors
Select the correct word from the list to complete each sentence regarding the relationship between blood flow, vessel radius, and resistance. Blood flow to an organ will increase with ________________. smaller decrease increase larger vasoconstriction vasodilation
vasodilation
ANP stimulates ______________, which decreases _______________ and increases ________________, which decreases blood ______________. The net effect is a decrease in blood _______________. increase decrease vasodilation peripheral resistance urine output volume pressure
vasodilation peripheral resistance urine output volume pressure
vasodilators/ vasoconstrictors bradykinin
vasodilators
vasodilators/ vasoconstrictors decreased nutrient levels
vasodilators
vasodilators/ vasoconstrictors histamine
vasodilators
Classify the given terms or examples with the appropriate category. 20-0 mm Hg (1) arteries (2) veins (3) capillaries
veins
label into the appropriate position to identify whether the characteristic is indicative of arteries or veins. collapsed when empty
veins
label into the appropriate position to identify whether the characteristic is indicative of arteries or veins. contain the majority of blood at any one time
veins
label into the appropriate position to identify whether the characteristic is indicative of arteries or veins. rely on muscular pumps to propel blood
veins
label into the appropriate position to identify whether the characteristic is indicative of arteries or veins. usually denoted in blue systemically
veins
Fluid will then osmotically reenter at the ___________ end. out venous waste hydrostatic liquid
venous
Resistance in the blood vessels is primarily controlled by altering (a) vessel length (b) blood pressure (c) vessel radius (d) blood viscosity
vessel radius
This fluid delivers materials to the cells and removes its __________. out venous waste hydrostatic liquid
waste
