Biodiversity

human contribution to CO2 rise..

- burning fossil fuels and deforestation (Amazon forest burning)

sea level rise differ by area

-euastice sea level rise is an average -local sea level rise depend on plate tectonics -sea level rise is based on perspective -is land is rising, sea level rise is inherently decreasing -has to do with Frame of reference

measure CO2 in atmosphere

-ice cores -air collection sample

two major causes of global sea level rise

-thermal expansion (warming of the ocean, warm water expands) - and increase melting of land-based ice, such as glaciers and ice sheets )

historical contributors to sea level rise

50 percent=warming, warm water expands and takes up more space) 25percent=melting mountain glaciers 25 percent =melting ice shell

Biome

A group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms Described by the temp and precipitation of an area but are defined by the animals and plants that live in a major an habitat

Endemic species

An indigenous species found in only geographic area on earth Ex. Venus fly trap indengious to south and North Carolina

elevation effect

As elevation increase, temperatures decrease

atmospheric CO2 levels during the last 400,000 years

Atmospheric CO2 levels fluctuate periodically, with the highest levels occurring during interglacial periods.

ice core samples measure

CO2 ice core data confirm CO2 measurements taken directly from the atmosphere. Ice cores can help scientists estimate atmospheric CO2 levels from hundreds of thousands of years ago.

statements is true regarding CO2?

CO2 is released as a product of respiration. .CO2 is a greenhouse gas. CO2 plays a vital role in maintaining Earth's temperature. CO2 can be produced by natural and man-made processes.

Deserts found at 23-30 degrees latitude

Descending air masses warm as they go ,absorbing more water vapor

Biodiversity

Different organism living in a habitat or ecosystem Genetic diversity,species or even domains (eukaya, bacteria and archaea)

Green house gases

Gases in the atmosphere that trap heat Co2 carbon dioxide Ch4 methane N2o nitrous oxide

Greenland or Antarctica contribute more to sea level rise

Greenland

Ecosystem

Interaction between living organisms and their physical environment

rain shadow effect

Mountains block the passage of rain producing (wet) are leaving a dry shadow behind the mountain

biological carbon cycle

Movement of carbon between photosynthesis and respiration occurs when plants absorb carbon dioxide and sunlight to make glucose and other sugars (carbohydrates) to build cellular structures

O2 vs CO2

O2 levels decrease as CO2 levels increase.

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide and water for the production of sugar and oxygen. photosynthesis equation

Biodiversity hotspot

Physical region with high biodiversity and many endemic species

Carbon sources

Produce carbon Respiration, ocean ridges(underwater volcanoes), volcanoes and humans

Half earth project

Project understand Humanity can't save entire planet so this project try's to protect the most diverse places Protect areas if high biodiversity Allows for the most biodiversity and endemic species to stay alive

Physical factors that determine regional climate

Solar radiation Topography (elevation) Air and ocean circulation

If the Earth spun on an axis that was perfectly perpendicular to the equator, how might this affect the light at the Arctic Circle?

Solar radiation would strike the Arctic Circle every day.

What increases biodiversity

Space The physical size directly correlated with how many different species can live there

Biodiversity importance

Stabilizes ecosystem(disease and natural disaster) Protects limited resources (stabilizing water during floods) Climate stability (it cleans water )

global warming vs. the greenhouse effect

The greenhouse effect can lead to global warming.

climate

The long-term weather patterns at a particular location A general trend Over decades

Primary productivity rate

The rate of photosynthesis and it is most commonly seen in areas around -equator in terrestrial biomes -coasts in aquatic biome

no pronounced seasons at the equator

The sun hits the equator more directly than any other latitude throughout the whole year. The amount of insolent radiation from the sun that strikes the Earth is not the same everywhere because the Earth is round. The amount of energy from the sun at regions around the equator is concentrated in a smaller area. The same amount of radiation is coming from the sun at the poles, but is distributed across a larger area.

What causes seasons

The tile of the earth , because sunlight per unit of area different areas Poles have larger area with same amount of sunlight that the equator gets . Since the same amount of sunlight has to cover the larger area it is not as warm but the equator has a smaller area for the same about of sunlight

short term carbon cycle

This cycle started at the beginning of life Cyanobacteria start photosynthesis

Tropical biomes higher biodiversity

Tropical habitats existed longer Organisms become highly specialized due to competition Evolution happens faster due to reproductive rate Climate stability protects species during mass extinction events

Deserts caused by a rain shadow occur on the east side of the Sierra Nevada range in California. Why does the desert exist on the east side, but not the west side of the range

Warm, moist air coming off the ocean rises as it encounters the mountain range and releases all its water as it moves up the mountain and the air cools. Dry air moving down the other side of the mountain causes arid desert. Warm air holds more water than cold air. Air coming off the coast is warm and carries water from the ocean. When this air cools, it releases the water. The now dry air continues to move east and will result in dry arid regions on the other side of the mountain.

Keeling Curve

a graph which plots the ongoing change in concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere since 1958 levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing every year

Photosynthesis and respiration both play a major role in the _____ carbon cycle and can affect atmospheric CO2 levels on a seasonal or annual biomes

biological short-term carbon cycle

carbon levels in season

carbon levels rise in the Winter( photosynthesis is not occurring as much, so photosynthesis can't consume carbon. carbon levels fall in the summer (lots of photosynthesis occurring to consume carbon)

Carbon sinks

consume carbon where carbon goes Photosynthesis, forest, ocean, sedimentary rocks and soil or other natural environment viewed in terms of its ability to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

The observation that atmospheric CO2 levels were typically low during glacial periods in Earth's history is an example of:

correlation.

A general trend in global biodiversity is a gradient of:

decreasing diversity moving from the equator toward the poles.

Nearly 150 years ago, man-made CO2 was introduced into the atmosphere primarily through _____. Currently, _____ is the main contributing factor to increased levels of human-produced CO2 in the atmosphere.

deforestation; the burning of fossil fuels

Nyc Jamaica marsh

described as a "sediment starved system" meaning sediment is not reaching this area Jamaica bay is near the end of the Hudson River, the sediment in the water is left at many other location further upstream

Seasons are caused by the Earth's elliptical orbit around the sun.

false

greenhouse effect

high level of greenhouse gases trap suns heat in atmosphere warming the planet the trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planet's surface.

In the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere, the rate of photosynthesis is _____ in the summer and _____ in the winter.

highest; lowest

Warm air is _____ dense than cold air, and warm air holds _____ moisture than cold air.

less; more

Geologic Carbon Cycle

long term cycle regulates the CO2 concentration in the earth's atmosphere along with biologic carbon cycle contributors include.. -mountain lifting -volcanic activity -subduction. Movement of carbon through earths regions (atmospheric,surface of earth , earths core) governed by long term physical process

living shorelines

marshes low-lying land that become flood during wet seasons and high tide

reservoir of carbon (sink)

oceans organisms soil the atmosphere

Which biological process accounts for maximum CO2 levels observed in spring (May) and for lowest CO2 levels observed in fall (September)?

photosynthesis Consider that when deciduous trees drop their leaves over winter, they no longer perform photosynthesis. This decreases the amount of carbon being fixed into their tissues during winter months. Carbon being removed from the atmosphere increases when the trees grow new leaves in the spring.

The movement of Earth's crust, plate tectonics, contributes to the long-term carbon cycle through all of the answer choices except:

photosynthesis. because photosynthesis contrbutes to short term

Photosynthesis _____ the atmosphere, whereas respiration _____ the atmosphere.

removes CO2 from; introduces CO2 to

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O represents the process of

respiration.

graphically sea level rise

rising for centuries but right now the rise is become more rapid then every seen before

Temperature differences on Earth are caused primarily by

the amount of solar energy received per unit area at each latitude.

Which of the choices would you expect to observe as you go from the base to the top of a mountain?

the same pattern of climate and biome change one would experience if hiking from low to high latitude

annual keeling curve

the short term trends of. this curve shows an annual oscillation

weather

the short-term state of the atmosphere, including temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind, visibility, heat,dryness and sunshine

If the Earth spun on an axis that was perfectly perpendicular to the equator:

there would be no seasonality in climate.

The ocean, much like the atmosphere, can serve as a sink for man-made CO2. In fact, both Earth's atmosphere and the ocean store roughly equal amounts of man-made CO2.

true

Of the processes involved in the long-term carbon cycle, which introduces CO2 back into the atmosphere?

volcanism

Eustatic sea level rise

worldwide changes in sea water level average sea level across the planet not applicable to a single location