BIOL 101 Chapter 25 Final Review

Which of the following sexually transmitted diseases often show no symptoms in infected individuals?

All of the above STDs may be asymptomatic, at least early in infection.

Which of the following is NOT generally correct about the difference between egg and sperm in sexually reproducing animals? .

All of the above are correct statements

Which of the following is a critical part of treating sexually transmitted disease?

Both a) and b) are important in treating sexually transmitted disease.

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is a procedure performed when:

Both b) and c) are reasons for performing ICSI.

Which of the following is a known adaptation by which sperm from one male would "win out" over sperm from another?

Both b) and d) are known adaptations by which one male's sperm can "win out" over another's sperm.

Which of the following statements about sexually transmitted diseases is true?

Both b) and d) are true.

Technology has made conception and pregnancy possible in many situations in which they were previously impossible, leading to some legal and ethical dilemmas. Which of the following is the BEST example of an ethical issue of reproductive rights brought about by modern technology?

Can a man's sperm can be used after his death to inseminate a woman?

During the course of your study of an animal species that alternates between sexually and asexually reproducing stages, you observe a long period of time during which your study animals reproduce asexually without any evidence of sexual reproduction. Which of the following strategies would you first use to attempt to induce sexual behavior?

Change the environment so the animal population struggles for survival.

Regarding reproduction in chimpanzees and gorillas, Jane Goodall found that:

Chimpanzee testicles represented a greater percentage of total body weight compared to the testicle-body weight percentage in gorillas.

What is the main reason why ethical issues have arisen around human reproduction in the last decade?

Conception and pregnancy are now possible through biotechnological means.

What is the difference between embryonic development and differentiation?

Development involves mitosis and embryonic growth; differentiation involves specialization of tissues.

Which of the following is NOT generally correct about the difference between egg and sperm in sexually reproducing animals?

Eggs have more chromosomes than do sperm.

Which of the following sexually transmitted diseases have a vaccine currently available to prevent them?

HPV

Arrange the following steps in the fertilization of the human egg in the proper sequence. I. The chromosomes of the sperm and egg intermingle. II. The sperm enters the egg's cytoplasm. III. The sperm maneuvers through left-over follicle. IV. The plasma membranes of the egg and sperm fuse. V. The enzymes in the sperm's acrosomes digest the egg's jelly coat.

III, V, IV, II, I

Why are STDs nearly impossible to eradicate from the population?

Infected people are often asymptomatic and all partners have to be treated simultaneously to prevent re-infection.

Which of the following is the correct description of a polar body that arises during oogenesis in humans?

It contains the same number of chromosomes as other meiotic products of the same stage.

Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of asexual reproduction?

It leads to populations that are genetically the same

Which of the following is FALSE regarding meiosis in women?

Meiosis of ova is completed in the ovaries.

What structure in a sperm cell contains what might be called "a cap or bag containing digestive enzymes"?

None of the above can be called a "cap or bag containing digestive enzymes".

Home pregnancy tests detect the presence of a hormone that indicates a women is pregnant. Which of the following hormones does the home pregnancy test detect?

None of the above hormones is typically used in the home pregnancy test.

Which of the following is a known evolutionary adaptation arising from sperm competition?

None of the above is a known evolutionary adaptation arising from sperm competition.

Aside from the need to find a partner, which of the following is another major DISADVANTAGE of sexual reproduction?

None of the above is a major disadvantage of sexual reproduction.

An advantage of asexual reproduction is that:

None of the above is an advantage of asexual reproduction.

The acrosome of the sperm:

None of the above is correct about the sperm acrosome.

Which of the following types of reproduction produce the most variation in offspring?

None of the above is correct.

After ovulation, approximately halfway through the female menstrual cycle, levels of progesterone rise sharply. What is the primary function of progesterone at this point in the menstrual cycle?

None of the above is the primary function of progesterone rise after ovulation.

During the course of your study of an animal species that alternates between sexually and asexually reproducing stages, you observe a long period of time during which your study animals reproduce asexually without any evidence of sexual reproduction. Which of the following strategies would you first use to attempt to induce sexual behavior?

None of the above would probably work to induce sexual behavior.

In what way does egg production differ from sperm production in humans?

Only one viable egg is produced each time meiosis occurs in a woman, while four sperm are produced each time meiosis occurs in a man.

Which of the following correctly describes the underlying cause of individuals who cannot convert testosterone into dihydrotestosterone?

The individual has a deficiency in 5-alpha-reductase enzyme. Correct

Which of the following is true about contraceptives?

There are both male and female condoms

What are endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm?

They are three separate tissue layers formed during embryonic gastrulation

The epididymis is the structure in the male anatomy:

You selected: where the sperm mature.

Totipotency means that:

a cell has the ability to become any type of cell in the body.

When individual females mate with multiple males within short periods of time:

a male that produces more sperm than other males has an increased probability of reproductive success.

The corpus luteum:

a) and c) only are true.

At the tip of the sperm is the ________________, equipped with enzymes to help the sperm penetrate the egg.

acrosome

Which of the following are reasons why external fertilization is not practiced by a majority of land-based animals?

both a) and b) are true

The circular muscle at the opening to the uterus in human females is called the:

cervix.

In species which alternate between sexual and asexual reproduction, the trigger that switches them to sexual reproduction is often:

changes in the weather or physical environment.

Which STD can be treated with antibiotics?

chlamydia

In the early stages of animal development, the zygote undergoes several rapid mitotic divisions that result in a ball of cells approximately the same size as the original zygote. This process is known as:

cleavage.

In the human menstrual cycle, ovulation occurs when an unfertilized egg is released from a follicle in the ovary. The ruptured follicle then develops into a temporary endocrine structure known as the ________, which secretes estrogen and progesterone.

corpus luteum

Which of the following sexually transmitted diseases is caused by a pathogen that is neither fungal nor bacterial, nor is it protist or viral?

crab lice

At approximately what point in the female menstrual cycle does the follicle rupture, releasing a mature egg?

day 14

What is the most reliable signal that a woman is about to give birth?

dilation of the cervix to about 10 cm

The part of the uterus that sloughs off at menstruation is a portion of the:

endometrium.

All of the following are types of asexual reproduction EXCEPT: You selected: fertilization. Correct

fertilization.

During ovulation in human females, the mature egg is released from the ________, travels through the ________ where fertilization occurs, and embeds in the ________.

follicle, Fallopian tube, uterus

An animal called a planarian (flatworm) can split itself apart . Both the head and the tail independently grow what's missing to become separate individuals. This type of reproduction is best called:

fragmentation.

When does the placenta form in the course of human development?

in the second week of the first trimester

The gradual dilation of the human cervix occurs during:

labor.

Which of the following hormones targets the ovary?

luteinizing hormone

The more frequently females copulate with males, the more likely it is that:

males produce more sperm in their testes.

Which of the following describes the three events in sperm production, from just after meiosis to deposition in the female reproductive tract?

maturation, storage and transfer, delivery

Falling levels of estrogen and progesterone in the bloodstream trigger

menstration

The formation of a multicellular organism from a fertilized egg is called development. Development is accomplished through the processes of:

mitosis and cytokinesis.

In which stage in embryonic development is the forerunner of the spinal cord created?

neurulation

The SRY, or sex determining gene, is usually found:

on the Y chromosome.

In the reproductive cycle of the human female, the _____________ controls the growth and release of the egg, while the _______________ prepares the uterus for the implantation of an embryo.

ovarian cycle; menstrual cycle

The _____________ is the site of gamete production in human females.

ovary

During lactation, the suckling of the infant at a woman's breast inhibits

ovulation.

In the menstrual cycle of the human female, the direct response to the increase in the luteinizing hormone is:

ovulation.

Contraception usually involves one of three methods. Preventing fertilization, preventing implantation, and _________________.

preventing ovulation

One ADVANTAGE of asexual reproduction is that it:

produces offspring quickly and efficiently.

All of the following hormones are involved in regulating the human female menstrual cycle EXCEPT:

prolactin.

The "neck" of the sperm:

provides energy for movement.

Sometimes a boy may grow up and discover he is infertile although he does have testes (on the small side) and is of shorter than the average height for men. Testing of the cells of this man would reveal that he carries an XX genotype, even though he obviously is a man. This condition is known as:

recombinant female with SRY genes.

Which of the following involves copulation, according to the strict definition of the word?

reproduction in most land animals

Sperm are produced in the _______ and stored in the ________. They then travel into the penis through the ________ and are ejaculated through the ________.

seminiferous tubules; epididymis; vas deferens; urethra

Which type of reproduction is most advantageous when the environment is ever changing?

sexual reproduction

Which of the following types of reproduction would produce genetically diverse offspring?

sexual reproduction in whales

Which of the following types of tissues is derived from the mesoderm germ layer in embryogenesis?

skeletal muscle

Which type of cleavage results when the mitotic spindles are at oblique angles to the animal-vegetal axis?

spiral

Which of the following is the correct sequence of human structures that sperm pass through, from where they develop to where they exit to the outside world?

testes > epididymis > vas deferens > prostate > urethra > tip of penis

The embryos of animals tend to go through stages that resemble:

the embryos of their ancestors.

Your lungs are derived from which of the following embryonic germ layers?

the endoderm

Which three sets of accessory glands add secretions to the semen in human males?

the seminal vesicles, the prostate gland, and the bulbourethral glands

What structure connects the growing embryo to the chorion in humans?

the umbilical cord

A primary function of the prostate gland is:

to produce the fluid (non-sperm) components of semen.

Through which of the following tubes do BOTH urine and semen travel?

urethra

The part of the uterus that sloughs off at menstruation is a portion of the:

uterine lining

The ____________ is the site of pregnancy in the human female.

uterus

Prior to fertilization, the pathway traveled by sperm through the female reproductive system is:

vagina, cervix, uterus, Fallopian tube.

Which of the following is found in nearly all mammals?

viviparity