BIOL 1010 Exam 4

If you found that the DNA of an organism contained 40% cytosine (C), how much guanine (G) would you expect to find in this DNA?

40%

DNA polymerase assembles new strands in a ____.

5' to 3' direction only

The above graph is from a publication from Hershey and Chase. In this experiment, viruses labeled with radioactive S35 and P32 were allowed to infect bacteria. To determine how much of the radioactive tracers were incorporated by the bacteria, the bacteria-virus mixture was blended to remove viral particles external to the bacterial cell. After 4 minutes of blending, about what percentage of the S35 isotope was extracellular (outside and not attached to the bacteria)?

80

** In an analysis of the nucleotide composition of DNA to see which bases have the same concentration, which of the following would be true? a. A = G b. A = G and C = T ✕ c. A + C = G + T ✓ d. A + T = C + G

A + C = G + T

In human DNA, ____ will pair with ; in bacteria, DNA ____ will pair with _____.

A,T; G,C

The mRNA codon that is complementary to the anticodon UUU is

AAA

During transcription, the DNA sequence GAT would produce the sequence

CUA

In the above figure of DNA replication, 'B' is pointing to (pg. 139)

DNA polymerase

Extracts of pathogenic bacteria can transform harmless bacteria to harmful bacteria unless ____ enzymes are added to the extract.

DNA-degrading

What research team was the first to describe the structure of the DNA molecule?

Watson and Crick

An operon is

a group of structural genes on a single DNA segment that are regulated as a unit

The post-transcription modification of mRNA include the addition of

a poly-A tail to the end of the mRNA

During transcription, uracil pairs with

adenine

Each chromosome is composed of 2 identical sister chromatids during

all of the above (prophase; the G2 phase; metaphase)

Which of the following is true of interphase?

all of the above are true (it consists of G1, S, and G2 phases; it occurs before mitosis and meiosis I; sister chromatids are formed)

DNA polymerase

all the above (is an enzyme; adds new nucleotides to a strand; proofreads DNA strands to see that they are correct

** Chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends of the cell during a. anaphase ✓ b. metaphase c. prophase d. telophase ✕

anaphase

** What is the name of that part of the transfer RNA molecule that attaches to messenger RNA? a. codon ✕ b. anticodon ✓ c. promoter d. coder

anticodon

The virus attached to this bacteria cell is called a(n)

bacteriophage

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic mRNA is false?

both have a 5' cap and 3' tail

Rosalind Franklin created the first ____.

clear x-ray diffraction image of DNA is it occurs in cells

After DNA replication, each DNA molecule is

composed of 1 new and 1 old strand of DNA

The arrows in this picture point to the (pg. 180)

contractile ring forming a cleavage furrow

Cytokinesis refers to the division of the

cytoplasm

** During which phase does transcription stop, and the DNA begin to appear grainy and start to condense? a. interphase b. early prophase ✓ c. prophase ✕ d. anaphase e. early anaphase

early prophase

The base sequences that appear in eukaryotic DNA and are used to make mRNA for a specific protein are the _____ of a gene.

exons

Fred Griffith's experiment, in which he used two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, demonstrated that _____.

harmless bacteria can become transformed into disease-causing bacteria by a bacteria transformation factor

What amino acid does the codon CAC specify? (pg. 152)

histidine

During the process of protein synthesis, translation occurs

in the cytoplasm

The core promoter

is the same in most eukaryotes

The period during which the chromosomes are lined up in the middle of the cell is

metaphase

A permanent change in the sequence of nucleotides in DNA is called a

mutation

Which of the following sequences correctly describes mitosis?

prophase -> metaphase -> anaphase -> telophase

** Which of the following is never part of a DNA nucleotide? a. adenine b. ribose ✓ c. phosphate group d. pyrimidine ✕

ribose

Mutation in a B group gene in Arabidopsis thaliana affects development in its flower's

second and third whorls

** Cancer cells ____. a. have normal plasma membranes b. have an increased ability to attach to other cells c. divide slowly to produce low densities of cells d. show an amplified reliance on ATP formation by fermentation ✓ e. are all malignant ✕

show an amplified reliance on ATP formation by fermentation

** After DNA replication, each chromosome is composed of two a. autosomes ✕ b. nucleosomes c. histones d. sister chromatids ✓

sister chromatids

** The A and P binding sites are part of the a. large ribosomal subunit b. small ribosomal subunit ✓ c. mRNA d. tRNA ✕

small subunit

In this illustration of a chromosome, the arrow is indicating the

spindle fibers

The red tip on this illustrated chromosome represent its

telomere

The terminal end of the chromosome is called the

telomere

** The creation of a membrane or cell wall separating the nuclei produced by mitosis occurs at the end of a. prophase b. telophase ✓ c. anaphase ✕ d. metaphase

telophase

Frameshift mutations are generally the result of

the addition or deletion of bases

In the above illustration showing how DNA is organized in the cell, 'E' points to (pg. 137)

the double stranded DNA molecule

When RNA polymerase encounters a termination region

the stop codon is read and the polypeptide is released

In this model of DNA, the arrow is pointing to

the sugar phosphate backbone

Which of the following pair are pyrimidines

thymine and cytosine

The region of the promoter that varies between genes and organisms is the

upstream promoter

Which of the following nitrogenous bases is found only in RNA?

uracil