BIOL 1310 Exam 4

DNA polymerase is a heat-sensitive enzyme. What is one thing that would need to be considered concerning the activity of this enzyme in PCR when the temperature is heated during each cycle to separate the DNA strands? that the DNA strands might melt that the primers might not work that the DNA polymerase could be denatured

that the DNA polymerase could be denatured

Which of the following has not been a significant issue in the creation of genetically modified (GM) organisms? the fact that some plants carrying genes from other species might represent a threat to the environment the fact that rogue microbes might transfer dangerous genes into other organisms the fact that the protein products of transplanted genes might lead to allergic reactions the fact that GM organisms cannot be modified to prevent them from reproducing once they pass beyond the experimental stage

the fact that GM organisms cannot be modified to prevent them from reproducing once they pass beyond the experimental stage

Transgenic organisms are only scientifically or commercially useful if _____. the inserted ("foreign") gene is drawn from the human genome the inserted ("foreign") gene is expressed in the host organism the host organism is a microorganism the vector is a plasmid

the inserted ("foreign") gene is expressed in the host organism

In order for gene therapy to be permanent in the patient being treated, the defective gene must first be removed from all somatic cells. the normal gene must be transferred to somatic cells that can continuously multiply. the normal gene must first be treated with UV radiation to ensure noninfectivity. the normal gene must be added to the germ line cells.

the normal gene must be transferred to somatic cells that can continuously multiply.

Concerns have been raised as to the safety of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Which of the following would be a concern when modifying a plant to be resistant to a broad-spectrum herbicide? a decrease in the use of herbicides an increased shelf life of the fruit from the plants the production of herbicide-resistant weeds a decrease in food production

the production of herbicide-resistant weeds

Cloning human genes into the plasmids of bacteria has enabled scientists to __________. use bacteria as "factories" for protein products use these bacteria to mass-produce mRNA for certain genes insert the corrected gene into patients who have certain genetic disorders identify carriers of genetic diseases

use bacteria as "factories" for protein products

Which of the following statements about DNA technology is false? DNA technology is now used to mass-produce human insulin. DNA technology is now used to mass-produce human growth hormone. DNA technology is now used to create cells that can identify and kill cancer cells. DNA technology is now used to produce vaccines that are harmless mutants of a pathogen.

DNA technology is now used to create cells that can identify and kill cancer cells.

The type of recombinant bacteria most often used to mass-produce genes is Escherichia coli. Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Escherichia coli.

Gel electrophoresis separates DNA molecules on the basis of size. Which of the following DNA molecules would move the slowest? lambda phage (49 kb) F plasmid (100 kb) pUC18 (2.69 kb) pBR322 (4.39 kb)

F plasmid (100 kb)

What does the process of gene therapy involve? It allows individuals to follow the natural progression of a genetic disorder, accompanied by psychological counseling, then treating with drugs only when the condition becomes life-threatening. It treats the gametes of the affected individual so that their children will remain unaffected by the genetic disorder. It is the successful treatment of all individuals affected by the disorder being treated. It adds a functioning version of the defective gene to the cells of an individual.

It adds a functioning version of the defective gene to the cells of an individual.

What is the function of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)? It can isolate particular genes of interest. It can identify genetic markers for diseases. It can make a large amount of DNA from a tiny amount. It can establish paternity.

It can make a large amount of DNA from a tiny amount.

Researchers are trying to make a genetically modified (GM) pig that expresses bovine (cow) growth hormone to make it grow bigger. They isolated the bovine growth hormone gene, cut it and a plasmid with the same restriction enzyme, and mixed them together. They inserted the mixture into pig zygotes, but only normal pigs, not GM pigs, grew. What did they likely do wrong? They forgot to add DNA ligase after mixing the plasmid and gene together. They are trying to make a GM animal, which is impossible. They forgot to use PCR and make multiple copies of the growth hormone gene. They should have used different restriction enzymes to cut the plasmid and the gene.

They forgot to add DNA ligase after mixing the plasmid and gene together.

When is PCR particularly applicable? When speed is important but accuracy is not When there are large quantities of DNA to analyze When there are small quantities of DNA to analyze When the accuracy is important, but speed is not

When there are small quantities of DNA to analyze

An enzyme that "cuts" DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotide bases is called _____. a)a restriction enzyme b)reverse transcriptase c)a ligase d)cDNA

a) a restriction enzyme

Insulin used for the treatment of diabetes in humans is now obtained from _____. archaea pigs cows bacteria

bacteria

"Sticky ends" are a)always long sequences of a single nucleotide. b)produced by PCR. c)DNA fragments with single-stranded ends. d)produced by the action of DNA ligase.

c) DNA fragments with single-stranded ends.

The enzyme that converts information stored in RNA to information stored in DNA is a) DNA ligase. b) RNA polymerase. c) reverse transcriptase. d) a restriction enzyme.

c) reverse transcriptase.

The fragments produced by most restriction enzymes have _____. a)complementary double-stranded ends b)single-stranded variable ends c)complementary single-stranded ends d)double-stranded sticky ends

c)complementary single-stranded ends

Restriction enzymes a)stop transcription and translation. b)facilitate nucleotide base pairing. c)cut DNA at specific sites. d)bind together strands of DNA.

c)cut DNA at specific sites.

DNA synthesized using an RNA template is called _____. a recognition sequence reverse transcriptase a restriction enzyme cDNA

cDNA

DNA profiling is a forensic procedure being utilized to identify individuals. This technique _____. is not possible unless large samples are available compares the DNA banding patterns of chromosomes in residues left by fingerprints compares the DNA banding patterns of entire chromosomes compares the DNA banding patterns of small segments of the genome

compares the DNA banding patterns of small segments of the genome

Which of the following is the best definition of a genomic library? a) a collection of cloned DNA fragments that includes some parts of organism's genome b) a collection of cloned DNA fragments that includes only exons from an organism's genome c) a collection of cloned DNA fragments that includes multiple organisms' genomes d) a collection of cloned DNA fragments that includes an organism's entire genome

d) a collection of cloned DNA fragments that includes an organism's entire genome

Plants are being engineered to produce pesticides; therefore, _____. the plants will require fewer nutrients the plants provide humans who consume them with the same resistance the nutritional value of the plants will improve farmers can reduce chemical use

farmers can reduce chemical use

Human growth hormone is a secreted protein that stimulates growth and cell reproduction. In the 1960s it was discovered that this was an effective treatment for a form of dwarfism. However, before it was genetically engineered, it was _____. substituted with similar animal proteins synthesized chemically harvested from cadavers not available

harvested from cadavers

In a PCR reaction, the strands of DNA are first separated by ___. treatment with an acid treatment with a strong base adding alcohol heating

heating

The advantage of being able to clone the gene for human insulin is that using human insulin increases the probability that, in the future, the person suffering from diabetes can be weaned from a dependence on insulin. human insulin is less likely to cause harmful side effects than cow, pig, or horse insulin. there are too few cows, pigs, and horses to provide an adequate supply of their insulin. cow, pig, or horse insulin cannot keep a diabetic alive for more than three months.

human insulin is less likely to cause harmful side effects than cow, pig, or horse insulin.

What is the correct sequence of events that occur in a PCR reaction? separation of DNA strands; addition of primers; use of DNA polymerase to produce second strand of DNA use of DNA polymerase to produce a second strand of DNA; separation of DNA strands; addition of primers addition of primers; use of DNA polymerase to produce second strand of DNA; DNA strand separation separation of DNA strands; use of DNA polymerase to produce a second strand of DNA; addition of primers

separation of DNA strands; addition of primers; use of DNA polymerase to produce second strand of DNA