BIOL 1322 Nutrition & Diet Therapy Chapter 4 Smart Book

Choose the statements that are true about inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

- The cause is unknown. - Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are the two most common forms. - It is a general name for a group of diseases that cause inflammation and swelling of the intestines.

A cell: - is specialized to perform a particular function - can be adapted to meet any function - is the smallest functional unit of an organism

- is specialized to perform a particular function - is the smallest functional unit of an organism

Choose the true statements about cystic fibrosis.

-digestion of nutrients may be impaired -inherited incurable disease -Cells produce a thick, sticky mucus that blocks passageways in the body

Choose the true statements about colorectal cancer.

-second-leading cause of cancer deaths among adults -signs include diarrhea, constipation, or pencil-thin stools -a cancer that develops in either the colon or the rectum

the scientific study of cell structure.

Anatomy

People with _________ ___________ produce thick mucus that block passageways, particularly in the respiratory and digestive systems. They often suffer serious breathing problems and respiratory infections.

Blank 1: cystic Blank 2: fibrosis

Molecules are formed when 2 or more atoms interact and are held together by a ____ bond.

Chemical

A cancer that develops in the colon or the rectum and is the second-leading cause of cancer deaths is called

Colorectal cancer

Arrange the parts of the small intestine in order they appear in the GI tract (starting at the beginning of the small intestine).

Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

List the organs in the order they occur in the gastrointestinal tract.

Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and rectum

What is responsible for the development of most stomach ulcers?

H. pylori

_____________________ is the relatively constant internal environment in the body that is critical for good health and survival.

Homeostasis

When an atom (or group of atoms) gains or loses one or more electrons, it has an electrical charge and is called a(n)

Ion

The ___________ is the open space inside a structure such as the small intestine.

Lumen

The hollow space in an organ that is surrounded by walls is called the______.

Lumen

The primary structure of the respiratory system are the

Lungs

Which system of the body produces heat to help maintain normal body temperature?

Muscular

Are the chemicals in our food necessarily harmful?

No

What are causes of diarrhea? The GI tract absorbs less water than normal. Less water than normal is secreted into the GI tract. More water than normal is secreted into the GI tract. More water than normal is absorbed by the GI tract.

The GI tract absorbs less water than normal. More water than normal is secreted into the GI tract.

Which of the following is a true statement about the digestive system? a. The human digestive system can digest and absorb foods from plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria. b. There have been blockages as big as 40 pounds found in human digestive systems. c. The digestive system is not made to digest animal foods

The human digestive system can digest and absorb foods from plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria.

True or false: Molecules can contain the same or different elements.

True

Homeostasis can be disrupted by ______. a. changes in the cell's external environment b. lengthy periods of sickness c. self-regulating mechanisms within the body d. changes in the cell's internal environment

a, b, d

The liver uses cholesterol to make _____.

bile

The main function of ___________ is to emulsify fat, thus assisting in fat digestion.

bile

The ________________ is one organ in the urinary system.

bladder

The cardiovascular system is made up of

blood vessels, heart and blood

What are the principal organs of the skeletal system?

bones tendons ligaments

The exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the blood and the cells throughout the body occurs across the cells lining the______.

capillaries

The ______ system is an example of an organ system.

cardiovascular

The heart, blood vessels, and blood make up the _________ system

cardiovascular

Humans are a mixture of chemicals which are organized into a. protons b. cells c. atoms d. electrons

cells

Which of the following can contribute to constipation?

changes in routine lack of dietary fiber low water intake

The mixture of gastric juices and partially digested food formed in the stomach is called

chyme

Which of the following are considered functions of the nervous system? stores excess minerals controls and regulates hunger transmits information

controls and regulates hunger transmits information

A condition characterized by frequent bowel movements with loose stools is called

diarrhea

GERD can be worsened by _____.

drinking alcohol excess body fat smoking cigarettes

Which of the following contribute to heartburn?

drinking alcohol having excess body fat smoking cigarettes

Most ulcers are now attributed to infection with H. pylori. Other risk factors that may contribute to the development of an ulcer include______.

heavy alcohol consumption regular use of NSAIDs (anti-inflammatory drugs). smoking

What is the general name for a group of diseases that cause inflammation and swelling of the intestines?

inflammatory bowel disease

What can metabolize undigested food, make vitamins and neurotransmitters, and produce substances that the colon can use for energy?

intestinal bacteria

Intestinal cramps, abnormal bowel function, and feeling as though elimination of stools was incomplete are characteristics of______.

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Components of saliva include______.

lingual lipase salivary amylase

The hepatic portal vein takes water-soluble nutrients to the ______.

liver

Constipation can be caused by a diet that is ______ in fiber and water.

low

The role of beneficial bacteria in the large intestine is to______.

metabolize undigested food make some vitamins and neurotransmitter

List the organs of digestive tract in order, from start to finish.

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

The main organs of the muscular system are the______.

muscles

The brain, spinal cord, and nerves make up the

nervous system

An organism that has a digestive system that can adjust to alterations in nutritional composition or amounts of food consumed by increasing the production of digestive enzymes is called a(n)______.

omnivore

A group of organs that work together for a similar purpose form a(n) _____ system.

organ

The contraction of muscles in the esophagus is called______.

peristalsis

Waves of muscular contractions that propel food along the gastrointestinal tract are called

peristalsis

The scientific study of how cells and body structures function is called _____.

physiology

When an atom loses an electron, it becomes an ion with a ____ charge.

positive

Which system of the body is responsible for putting oxygen in the blood and removing carbon dioxide?

respiratory system

Lingual lipase and salivary amylase are two components of the liquid called ____________________ , which is produced by glands in the mouth.

saliva

Irritable bowel syndrome can be characterized by______.

sensation of incomplete elimination loose stools constipation

The system of the body that produces red blood cells and stores several minerals is called the ____________ system

skeletal

Chyme is formed in the______.

stomach

Self-contained, living structures that have similar characteristics and functions join together to form______.

tissue

A collection of cells with similar characteristics and functions join together into larger masses called ______.

tissues

After blood flows through the body, it returns to the heart through the______.

veins

An unpleasant experience but helpful because it prevents toxic substances from entering the small intestine is referred to as _____.

vomiting

What is an effective way that your body has for removing harmful food and beverage?

vomiting

What type of nutrients are absorbed into the hepatic portal vein and eventually to the liver before they enter the general circulation?

water-soluble compounds