Biol 2401, Chapter 16 cap questions

Which events occur during bright light adaptation?

- cones gradually adjust - rods become inactive - pupils constrict

______ occurs when impulses from an organ are perceived as originating from the skin.

Referred pain

What are true of rods?

There are more than 100 million rod cells per eye. They function well in dim light.

Receptors of the human body convert stimulus energy into ______.

an electrical signal

Which cavity of the eyeball is divided into an anterior and posterior chamber?

anterior cavity

When the _______ membrane moves, the __________ on the spiral organ hair cells distort because they are anchored by the tectorial membrane.

basilar stereocilia

Receptors initiate sensory input to the ______.

central nervous system

Gustatory cells are ______.

chemoreceptors

Which structure of the eye absorbs light to prevent it from scattering within the eye?

choroid

The iris is continuous with the ______.

ciliary body

The auditory sensory axons of the _______ branch of cranial nerve number ________ terminate in the cochlear nucleus within the brainstem.

cochlear 8 or VIII

What type of photoreceptors detects color?

cones

As we adjust to low light, our ______ becomes nonfunctional and it may take ______ for rhodopsin to become regenerated sufficiently so that you can see well in low-light conditions.

cones; 20-30 minutes

The limbus is the junction between the sclera and the ______.

cornea

Which are a part of the fibrous tunic?

cornea and sclera

When you go from a bright light environment to a dark environment, you have a slow sensitivity to low light levels. This is called

dark adaptation

Light rays are refracted or bent when they pass through two media of different ______.

densities

The auricle directs sound waves into the bony tube called the _______ _____ meatus

external acoustic or auditory

Which is an accessory structure of the eye?

eyebrow

The outmost layer of the eye is called the ______ tunic.

fibrous

When the bipolar cells release their neurotransmitter, the _________ cells propagate a nerve signal along the _______ nerve.

ganglion optic

Pain is an example of a ______ sense.

general

The term equilibrium refers to our awareness and monitoring of our _______ position.

head

The vestibulocochlear nerve transmits ______ information.

hearing and balance

Where are photoreceptors located?

in the neural layer of the retina

When the photoreceptors stop _________ the bipolar cells, the bipolar cells can then release their neurotransmitter that binds to receptors on the ganglion cells.

inhibiting or blocking

The retina is the ______ layer of the eye wall.

internal

What structure is the dividing line between the anterior and posterior chambers?

iris

The process by which your eyes adjust from low light to bright light conditions is ______.

light adaptation

The optic disc contains ______ photoreceptors.

no

Optic tracts ultimately are directed to the primary visual cortex in the ______ lobe.

occipital

We use the sense of ________ to sample our environment for information about the food we will eat, the presence of other individuals in the room, or potential danger.

olfaction or smell

A lack of photoreceptors in this structure creates the "blind spot"?

optic disc

The fat surrounding the eye is called

orbital fat

The segment of each photoreceptor that is composed of hundreds of discs containing photopigments that are capable of absorbing light energy is the _________ segment.

outer

Olfactory receptors ______.

perceive odors

The external ear is located mostly on the outside of the body, while the middle and inner ear areas are housed within the ________ part of the temporal bone.

petrous

Receptors that exhibit rapid adaption to a constant stimulus are ________ receptors.

phasic

What type of receptor can undergo adaptation?

phasic

Each type of photoreceptor has both an outer segment that extends into the _______ layer of the retina and an inner segment.

pigmented

The iris controls the size of the ______.

pupil

Most of the eye is ______ the orbit of the skull.

receded into

The area that a receptor cell gathers information from is called the ______.

receptive field

Some individuals experience pain in their left shoulder during a heart attack. This is an example of ______.

referred pain

What structure is the "white" of the eye?

sclera

What structure makes up the posterior 5/6 of the fibrous tunic?

sclera

Which part of the eye is an attachment site for extrinsic eye muscles?

sclera

Receptors for general senses are usually ______.

simple in structure

Localization and sensitivity are easily determined in a ______ receptive field.

small

Taste buds are found on the tongue and ______.

soft palate

Mechanoreceptors located in the skin and mucous membranes are called ______ receptors.

tactile

What is the most numerous type of receptor?

tactile receptors

Gustation is the sense of

taste

Optic tracts extend to which structures after they leave the optic chiasm?

the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus superior colliculi

Which are the characteristics of the cornea?

transparent and avascular

The external acoustic meatus terminates at the _________ membrane, which is most commonly called the eardrum.

tympanic

The external acoustic meatus extends from the auricle to the ______.

tympanic membrane

Sensory receptors in which structures help monitor and adjust our equilibrium?

utricle semicircular ducts saccule

The vascular tunic of the eye is also called the ______.

uvea

Hearing and our sense of balance comes from the stimulation of which cranial nerve?

vestibulocochlear

In the eye, the _______ humor is gelatinous.

vitreous

The posterior cavity contains the ______ humor.

vitreous