BIOL 2410 - Quiz 8

Match each term with the appropriate description. A. peptide hormone B. steroid hormone C. amino acid-derived hormone D. anterior pituitary E. hypothalamus F. posterior pituitary lipophobic molecule that interacts with receptors on cell surface

A. peptide hormone

The posterior pituitary gland secretes MSH. ADH (Vasopressin). FSH. ACTH. TSH.

ADH vasopressin

Which of the following statements regarding the anterior and posterior pituitary is correct? Choose the best answer. Anterior pituitary is composed of endocrine tissue while the posterior pituitary is composed of neural tissue. Both are composed of neural tissue. Anterior pituitary is composed of neural tissue while the posterior pituitary is composed of endocrine tissue. Both are composed of endocrine tissue

Anterior pituitary is composed of endocrine tissue while the posterior pituitary is composed of neural tissue.

Match each hormone with its primary source. A. prolactin B. insulin C. aldosterone D. melatonin E. calcitonin F. epinephrine pineal

D. melatonin

How would you classify the type of chemical released by the posterior pituitary (e.g., classic hormone, neurotransmitter etc.)? Choose the best answer. classic hormone neurotransmitter trophic hormone neurohormone

Neurohormone

Which loss of function would occur if you were to sever the connection between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary? Choose the best answer. There would no longer be a release of trophic hormones from the hypothalamus. The anterior pituitary would not release hormones in response to trophic hormone stimulation. The portal system would carry tropic hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary at an accelerated rate. There would be no loss of function. All three losses of function listed above would occur if you severed the connection between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary.

The anterior pituitary would not release hormones in response to trophic hormone stimulation.

How is the hypothalamic control of growth hormone (GH) release different from the control of TSH and ACTH? GH is released directly from the hypothalamus, whereas TSH and ACTH are released from the adenohypophysis. TSH and ACTH are released independently of the hypothalamus, whereas GH requires a hypothalamic tropic hormone to cause its release. The hypothalamus releases both stimulatory and inhibitory tropic hormones for GH, whereas it only releases stimulatory hormones for TSH and ACTH. Negative feedback at the level of the hypothalamus stops secretion of tropic hormones affecting TSH and ACTH, while negative feedback for the GH pathway only acts on the anterior pituitary.

The hypothalamus releases both stimulatory and inhibitory tropic hormones for GH, whereas it only releases stimulatory hormones for TSH and ACTH.

Mrs. Johnson does goes in to visit her doctor because of some health issues that she has been having. One of the many tests that were run on Mrs. Johnson revealed that she had no circulating concentrations of vasopressin. The doctor does a further analysis of her hypothalamus and posterior pituitary to see what might be causing this problem. Predict which of the following might explain Mrs. Johnson's condition. Choose the best answer. The neuronal cell bodies in the hypothalamus are damaged. The cells in the posterior pituitary that release vasopressin are inactive. The rate of blood flow through the posterior pituitary has increased. All of the listed answer are possible explanations for the observation.

The neuronal cell bodies in the hypothalamus are damaged.

What is the implication of the fact that steroid hormones are lipophilic? They bind to intracellular receptors. They have short half-lives in the bloodstream. They dissolve in the extracellular fluid and plasma. They bind to receptors only found on the cell surface.

They bind to intracellular receptors.

Excess secretion of growth hormone during adulthood will cause exophthalmus. goiter. giantism. acromegaly. diabetes.

acromegaly

Calcium reabsorption at the kidneys is promoted by the hormone aldosterone. calcitonin. calcitriol. cortisol. ADH.

calcitriol

Calcium has several important roles including its role as a signaling molecule and its involvement in tight junctions and neuronal excitation. What other important physiological role does calcium have? coagulation body composition plasma volume body temperature

coagulation

Typically, when steroid hormones bind to their receptors, adenylyl cyclase is activated. cyclic nucleotides are formed. protein kinases are activated. gene transcription may increase or decrease. G proteins are inhibited.

gene transcription may increase or decrease

Somatostatin is another name for growth hormone. growth hormone-releasing hormone. parathyroid hormone. thyroid hormone. growth hormone-inhibiting hormone

growth hormone-inhibiting hormone

Where are the neurohormones released by the posterior pituitary produced? Choose the best answer. by the endocrine cells located within the posterior pituitary by neuroglia located at the end of the posterior pituitary in the neuronal cell bodies found in the hypothalamus in the axon terminal of the neurons that project from the hypothalamus through to the infundibulum

in the neuronal cell bodies found in the hypothalamus

Which organ secretes insulin-like growth factors as a result of growth hormone? liver kidney pancreas adrenal gland

liver

Which of the following are released by the posterior pituitary? Select all that apply. luteinizing hormone oxytocin vasopressin prolactin

oxytocin vasopressin

Increased blood calcium levels result in increased excitability of neural membranes. secretion of parathyroid hormone. secretion of calcitonin. retention of calcium by the kidneys. osteoclast activity.

secretion of calcitonin

A blood sample is found to have low levels of GHRH and excessive levels of GH and IGFs. Where would the pathology be located in this example? The posterior pituitary The liver The anterior pituitary The hypothalamus

the anterior pituitary

Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative except one. Identify the exception. epinephrine norepinephrine thyroid-stimulating hormone melatonin thyroid hormone

thyroid-stimulating hormone

What is the role of the hypothalamus with regard to hormone release and endocrine function? Choose the best answer. to release trophic hormones that stimulate the anterior pituitary to release trophic hormones that act on the nervous tissue of the brain to release classic hormones for delivery to the systemic tissues to release classic hormones that inhibit hormone release from the anterior pituitary

to release trophic hormones that stimulate the anterior pituitary