BIOL Case Study
Using Table 1-2 from the text, calculate Maria's average daily kilocalorie intake from carbohydrates, protein, and fat. Adding these figures together, what is her total daily caloric intake?
1,720
Sadie's doctor recommended that she limit her weight gain during this pregnancy because she is overweight. Being overweight at the onset of pregnancy increases the risk for all of the following conditions except:
Increased likelihood that she will limit weight retention and weight gains after pregnancy
Considering his weight status, what would be a reasonable goal for Ryan?
Maintain his current weight as he grows taller.
Erin is a 28-year-old professional woman who is 5 feet 8 inches tall and vigilantly maintains her weight at 118 pounds by following a lacto-ovo (non-fat milk and egg whites only) vegetarian diet that supplies approximately 1200 calories a day. With her understanding that protein should provide between 10 and 35 percent of her daily calories, she reasons that her daily intake of 40 grams of protein from milk, eggs, legumes, and nuts is adequate for her needs. She is concerned, however, that she has been sick more than usual and has experienced two stress fractures in her leg over the past three years while exercising.
Question
Erin got sick from Staphylococcus aureus two years ago. Which of the following foods is associated with Staphylococcus aureus?
Tuna Salad
Maria explains that she learned about the effects of coconut oil on the Internet, while reading an online article about a well-known movie star who claims it helped him lower his bad cholesterol. What are these types of testimonials called?
anecdote
Sally needs to learn about the importance of selecting low energy density foods that provide more satiety for fewer kcalories. Which of the following breakfast options would be best? Note: Most of the breakfast options contain the same number of kcalories.
breakfast burrito made with a small tortilla, 2 eggs, 1 Tbsp shredded lowfat cheese, peppers, onions, 1 oz avocado, 1 Tbsp lowfat sour cream; 1 cup strawberries, 6 oz lowfat yogurt
a significant source of thiamin, riboflavin, and other B vitamins is
breakfast cereals
Based on her history, which of the following is a likely explanation for Mrs. Treat's sudden onset diarrhea? a. her age b. spending time outdoors c. being overweight d. foodborne illness e. the multivitamin
d. foodborne illness
Since she is on a blood thinner, Joan has been warned about her intake of foods rich in vitamin K. Which of the following food groups is rich in vitamin K?
dark green leafy vegetables
Mrs. Treat's niece, a registered dietitian nutritionist, or RDN, upon learning that her aunt takes antacids almost daily, advises her to quit relying on them so much because, in her professional opinion: a. Antacids don't work. b. Antacids cause gastroesophageal reflux. c. Antacids are best for treating belching. d. Antacids cause ulcers. e. Regular use of antacids may mask a serious problem.
e. Regular use of antacids may mask a serious problem.
The doctor asks Mrs. Treat why she thinks she has heartburn. He's looking to see if she has the usual heartburn symptoms, which include: a. belching b. pain on the lower left side of the abdomen c. flatulence d. constipation e. acid taste in the mouth
e. acid taste in the mouth
What type of illness is Erin likely experiencing?
foodborne illness
Samuel says he rarely eats fruits and vegetables. What might this
he's not getting enough vitamin C
Which of the following risk factors contributing to deaths in the United States does Maria seem to exhibit?
poor diet/inactivity
1. Mr. C. freely admits he enjoys food - lots of food, mostly rich food, and food that isn't necessarily healthy. His lunch companion assures him that he can still enjoy food but just needs to pick foods that deliver the most nutrients for the fewest kcalories. Such foods are termed
nutrient-dense
Using the criteria set forth in your text, what is Ryan's weight status?
obese
Which of these seems to be the most whole food that Maria typically eats?
salad
If Mr. Q drinks four drinks within one hour, his blood alcohol concentration would be:
.06
Sadie is at risk of developing gestational diabetes during this pregnancy for all of the following reasons except:
At the 20th week of pregnancy, her weight gain is less than recommended
Which is typically one of the early symptoms of dehydration?
Fatigue
Ellen's excess body fat combined with her lack of phytochemical and antioxidant consumption from non-starchy vegetables and low physical activity increases her risk for?
Cancer
Sally stated that recent stresses in her life are affecting her sleep and seemed to have triggered her appetite for sweets and comfort foods. Which of the following statements would be best to explain why her lack of sleep has increased her appetite?
Lack of sleep increases levels of ghrelin which stimulates appetite and decreases levels of leptin which decreases appetite.
Erin tells the doctor that she is 10 weeks pregnant, and she is concerned because she has heard that there is a foodborne illness that causes pregnancy complications. Which of the following is pathogens is she referring to?
Listeria
If Mr. Q. drinks a quart of beer, how many servings of alcohol is he consuming?
Nearly 3 Servings
Belinda's mom needs to learn about the types of foods she can offer to increase her daughter's iron intake. All of the following would be appropriate dinner menu options except:
Pasta and cheese with garlic bread and spinach salad; banana for dessert
lactose intolerance
The symptoms Mr. P. reports in conjunction with eating ice cream are most consistent with
Mr. Q reported that he frequently gets sick. Which of the following statements is not true explaining why excess alcohol consumption would cause a person to get sick more frequently?
Thiamin absorption is impaired causing a thiamin deficiency, weakening the body's defense against infections
Which food or beverage is least likely to have made Erin sick?
Two glasses of wine
Which food is the likely source of the E. coli contamination that made Erin sick?
Unpasteurized milk
He complains of weakness and hunger during the day.
What in Mr. P's report indicates that he may be experiencing hypoglycemia?
other symptoms that Samuel reports having also support a thiamine deficiency. Which one of the following would not be one of the symptoms
cracks at the corners of his mouth
which of these Foods is an excellent source of riboflavin
liver
considering Samuels alcohol consumption, which B vitamin may he be deficient in
thiamine
Prior to gaining 15 pounds over the last 6 months, Ellen was __(A)__ which is associated with __(B)__, an underlying cause of most other chronic diseases.
(A) = Obese & (B) = Chronic Inflammation
If Rick wishes to reduce his BMI to 27, he needs to eat fewer kcalories than he expends. For an adolescent who carries excess fat, the recommended maximal weight loss is one pound per week. Since there are 3500 kcalories in a pound of body fat, a deficit of 3500 kcalories for the week or 500 kcalories per day would be required. Calculate the maximum number of kcalories Rick can consume per day to achieve a weight loss of one pound per week. Assume that his weight is 205 pounds and that his physical activity factor is "low active."
2692 kcalories
Based on his BMI, in what range is Rick's body fat likely to be?
27-32 percent
Calculate Sadie's body mass index (BMI) based on her pre-pregnancy weight.
27.4
If Rick swims for 30 minutes at a speed of 45 yards per minute, how many calories will he expend? Use his current weight in your calculations.
357
How much protein per day should Mr. C. consume on his 1800-kcalorie diet?
5 oz
What can be said about Erin's protein intake?
Although it falls within the recommended range in terms of the percentage of total energy intake, her protein intake is less than recommended in terms of the absolute amount needed to maintain a healthy body weight.
Mr. C. decides to check out the restaurant's new taco bar. Which of these ingredients would help him increase his fruit intake?
Avocado
Ryan is a 6-year-old elementary school student. At his last well child exam, his measured height was 46 inches and his weight was 56 pounds. His pediatrician is concerned that Ryan has gained an excessive amount of weight over the past year. His usual diet consists of sweetened cereal with whole milk and fruit juice for breakfast and a juice drink and crackers for his mid-morning snack. During the week, Ryan buys his lunch at school; his favorite menu items are pizza and tacos. His parents give him money in case he wants to buy some additional à la carte food items from the cafeteria. His mother states that she started a new job this past year, which requires that Ryan attend an after-school program until 5:30 or 6 in the evening. He receives a snack there, usually an 8-ounce box of fruit juice and crackers. Ryan's parents report that Ryan is "always hungry" and they will often stop for his favorite chicken nuggets, fries, and a soda on late evenings when the family is too tired to cook. Ryan likes to play video games and has a computer and television in his room. His father complains that he spends more time in his room than playing outside. Ryan's mother is overweight and his father is of normal weight, although he states he was overweight as a child. The family has discussed getting more exercise on the weekends but are not sure how to add this to their busy schedules.
Case Study
Sadie is a 37-year-old teacher in her 20th week of pregnancy. She is 68 inches tall and weighs 195 pounds. Her pre-pregnancy weight was 180 pounds. During her first pregnancy two years ago, she gained 50 pounds. She gave birth to an infant weighing 9 pounds, 2 ounces. Her doctor has recommended that she limit her weight gain during this pregnancy. She likes to swim but has not been exercising regularly since she found out she was pregnant. She has had morning sickness through much of this pregnancy and says that she feels better when she eats starchy foods such as white bread, potato chips, and refined pasta. She complains of recent problems with constipation and is seeking ways to relieve her discomfort.
Case Study
While at the doctor, Erin asks about eating fish while she is pregnant. The doctor would most likely advise her to:
Choose canned light tuna two to three times per week.
Assuming Erin's illness is caused by E. coli, what food safety practice would reduce her risk of getting E. coli again?
Cook hamburgers thoroughly.
Mr. C. realizes that he will have to estimate portion sizes if he is going to eat from the salad bar, and he is not even sure what a serving size would be for the various fruits and vegetables. If he is on an 1800-kcalorie diet, what would be the daily recommended amount of fresh fruit?
1 and 1/2 cups
Which of the following would be the best meal for Kaitlyn to consume one hour before she begins her 45-60 minute activity?
1 cup of 1 percent low-fat milk blended with one small vanilla
Which of the following daily food choices would be best to help Michael meet his daily calcium requirement?
1 cup plain yogurt with strawberries, 16 oz low fat milk, and 1.5 oz cheddar cheese
Applying the same principles as described in the question above what dinner option would be best for Sally?
. 2 cups Chicken Tortilla Soup, made with ½ cup chopped chicken, ¼ cup corn, pepper, and onions and topped with 4 baked tortilla chips, crumbled; 1 cup spinach salad with lowfat vinaigrette; 6 oz lowfat Greek yogurt
What is the protein RDA per kilogram of healthy body weight?
0.8 g
Tom H. is a 35-year-old single man who works in a warehouse and takes his lunch to work every day. He is 69 inches tall and weighs 190 pounds. A recent blood test revealed that Tom's total and LDL cholesterol levels are abnormally high. He has been instructed to reduce his intake of saturated fat and to eat more unsaturated fats. He is now at the grocery store looking for sandwich foods to pack in his lunches this week. He notes the following information on the Nutrition Facts labels: Canned salmon without bones or skin: 2 oz, Calories 60, total fat 0.5 grams, saturated fat 0 grams, trans fat 0 grams, cholesterol 20 milligrams, protein 13 grams. Cheddar cheese: 1 oz, Calories 110, total fat 9 grams, saturated fat 5 grams, trans fat 0 grams, cholesterol 30 milligrams, protein 7 grams. Lite Havarti cheese: 1 oz, Calories 80, total fat 4 grams, saturated fat 3 grams, trans fat 0 grams, cholesterol 15 milligrams, protein 8 grams. Pepperoni: 10 slices, Calories 130, total fat 11 grams, saturated fat 4.5 grams, trans fat 0 grams, cholesterol 30 milligrams, protein 7 gram. Peanut butter: 2 T, Calories 200, total fat 15 grams, saturated fat 3 grams, trans fat 0 grams, cholesterol 0 milligrams, protein 9 grams. Egg: 1 whole, Calories 80, total fat 5 grams, saturated fat 1.5 grams, trans fat 0 grams, cholesterol 200 milligrams, protein 7 grams. Sliced deli roast beef: 2 oz, Calories 80, total fat 2 grams, saturated fat 0.5 grams, trans fat 0 grams, cholesterol 25 milligrams, protein 13 grams.
Question
Case Study
Question Workspace Check My Work Steve Q. is a 52-year-old Hispanic male with a family history of alcoholism. He is 73 inches tall and weighs 240 pounds, with much of his excess weight around his middle. Although he typically drinks four cans of beer every day, he considers himself a social drinker. He has had two arrests for driving under the influence of alcohol. He has recently been diagnosed with diabetes and takes an oral medication to control his blood glucose. He also has high cholesterol and recently started taking a lipid-lowering medication. He also claims that he frequently gets sick. Recent tests have revealed Steve has fatty liver, which concerns him. He never exercises. He also reports having occasional low blood glucose (hypoglycemia) and feeling shaky and dizzy, especially after he drinks too much on an empty stomach.
Erin loves whole grains. Suppose she makes herself a snack from one serving of grains and one cup yogurt topped with a serving of fresh strawberries. How much protein is in her snack?
10 to 11 grams
What percentage of total energy intake should come from protein?
10 to 35%
Calculate the carbohydrate concentration if the energy gel packet was dissolved in 8 oz (240 milliliters) of water
10.4 %
. Joan has taken a multivitamin supplement every day that provides 5000 IU of vitamin A. What is the UL for vitamin A in IUs/day
10000
Remembering that protein provides 4 kilocalories per gram, what percentage of Erin's current total energy intake comes from protein?
13.3%
Michael is 17 years old. How many mg of calcium does he require every day?
1300 mg
Belinda's food choices are lacto-vegetarian. Since vegetarians require 1.8 times more iron to make up for the low bioavailability of their diet, what would her daily iron requirement be?
14.4 mg
As a sedentary 6-year-old boy, what is Ryan's estimated daily energy need?
1400 Kcalories
Based on her pre-pregnancy weight, if she is carrying a single baby, how much weight should Sadie gain during her pregnancy?
15 to 25 lbs
Michael is in training and needs to drink extra fluids every day to ensure maximum hydration before he begins his practice. It is recommended that an athlete consume 1 oz of fluid per 10 lbs body weight 4 hours before the activity and 1.6 oz of fluid per 10 lbs body weight 2 hours before the activity, if heavy sweating is expected. Michael needs to drink approximately _______ 4 hours before practice and _______ 2 hours before practice.
16.5 oz , 26.4oz
Sally's estimated energy requirement, based upon her age, height, and weight, is approximately 2000 kcalories per day. What is the maximum number of kcalories per day that she can consume to lose 3 pounds per month? Assume 1 month is 30 days.
1650 kcalories
Belinda doesn't care for meat and rarely eats it. Overall, about _________of dietary iron is absorbed from mixed diets, but only ___________ from vegetarian diets.
18 percent; 10 percent
Based on the considerations discussed in your text, what would a reasonable 6-month weight loss goal be for Sally?
18 pounds
What is Ryan's body mass index?
18.6 BMI
Suppose Rick wanted to reduce his BMI to 27. What would his target weight be?
188
What is Rick's BMR at his current weight?
1953
Ryan's mom enters the foods Ryan typically eats into the USDA's Super Tracker tool. The results indicate that Ryan is eating 1600 kcalories in one day. Given his recommended kcalorie intake, how many pounds will Ryan gain in three months (90 days) if he continues to consume this many excess kcalories per day?
5.1 lbs
Suppose Belinda chose to eat pasta with marinara sauce instead of buttered pasta with cheese. If her mother prepared the marinara sauce in a cast iron pan, the iron content of a single serving would increase from 0.61 mg to _______.
5.77 mg
Assuming a healthy weight for Erin is 141 pounds, what is her recommended daily protein requirement?
51 g
By the 20th week of pregnancy, how much weight should Sadie gain?
6.7 lbs
. Because Joan is concerned about skin cancer, she uses a sunscreen when she is outside. At what SPF level will sunscreen start to interfere with vitamin D synthesis?
8
Joan's low serum vitamin D levels and low dietary vitamin D intake indicate that she is vitamin D deficient. She needs a vitamin D supplement to raise blood vitamin D levels and to lower the risk of falls. Based upon her vitamin D RDA, what supplement dose should she take daily?
800 IUs
Case Study
Andria Treat is a 68-year-old woman in reasonably good health, although overweight. She takes a daily multivitamin supplement and almost daily over-the-counter antacids for heartburn. She says she eats mainly lean meat, chicken, fish, and seasonal fruit and fresh vegetables from her garden. She now reports having severe heartburn. Also, over the past two days, she has had painful stomach cramps and diarrhea. She reports that she attended a family reunion picnic two days earlier.
His blood sugar levels indicate he may have prediabetes.
It might not be a bad idea for Mr. P. to limit his intake of added sugars, mainly because:
Sadie is at risk of developing gestational diabetes, which is characterized by abnormal blood glucose maintenance during pregnancy. Strategies she can use to help prevent the development of gestational diabetes include all of the following except:
Eliminate all carbohydrates from the diet.
Sally stated that she is sedentary. You need to convince her that in addition to following a diet featuring low-energy density foods, she also needs to incorporate 200-300 minutes of moderately intense physical activity per week. The benefits of combining diet and physical activity together include all of the following, except:
Combining diet with exercise does not reduce stress, which is not helpful for those who respond to stress with inappropriate eating.
Sadie complains of recent problems with constipation. You would recommend all of the following strategies to prevent or alleviate constipation except
Continue eating the white bread and pasta, which are also high in fiber
To avoid potential dehydration, which guideline would be best for Kaitlyn to maintain hydration during her activity?
Drink 4 oz of water every 15 minutes during the first hour of activity.
Why does Mr. Q experience symptoms of low blood glucose, feeling shaky and dizzy, especially after he drinks too much alcohol on an empty stomach?
Drinking heavily without eating blocks glycogen breakdown by the liver, so glucose is not released into the blood, causing hypoglycemia.
Ryan's parents need to become aware of which food choices are leading to Ryan's weight gain. You would identify all of the following food choices as being problematic except:
His protein intake is more than adequate
his age
If Mr. P is in fact lactose intolerant, what would be the most likely reason, based on the information he provides?
Soluble fibers slow glucose absorption, which helps prevent glucose surge and rebound.
If Mr. P. is prediabetic, why might he opt for a high fiber diet to help manage his condition?
Even though eggs are a significant source of cholesterol, what other information on the nutrition label should Tom consider if he decides to buy eggs? a. Eggs are a good source of protein. b. A whole egg has more total fat than a serving of peanut butter. c. Eggs have the lowest trans fat content of all protein sources. d. Eggs have more saturated fat than even the "lite" cheese. e. Eggs are very high in calories.
a. Eggs are a good source of protein.
The doctor refers Mrs. Treat to a gastroenterologist for the reported heartburn and daily use of antacids she's using to treat it. What is a concern the doctor may have? a. that she may be harming her esophagus b. that she has ulcers c. that she may need to reduce her activity d. that she needs treatment for belching e. that she may be harming her teeth
a. that she may be harming her esophagus
Based upon the blood work results and other symptoms, Belinda is in what stage of iron-deficiency?
Stage 2
For treatment of the diarrhea, Mrs. Treat's doctor advises several strategies. Which of these strategies would the doctor not advise? a. resting b. drinking fewer liquids c. calling for medical help if diarrhea persists d. avoiding strenuous activity e. drinking extra liquids
b. drinking fewer liquids
Which of the foods has the highest unsaturated fat content per serving? a. deli roast beef b. peanut butter c. pepperoni d. salmon e. eggs
b. peanut butter
Which food is highest in saturated fat? a. eggs b. pepperoni c. salmon d. lite Havarti cheese e. peanut butter
b. pepperoni
Samuels complained of having cracks at the corners of his mouth is a symptom of what type of B vitamin deficiency
riboflavin
Michael is considering snack foods and wants to pick items that will improve his hydration. In terms of the percentage of water they provide, which of the following would be the best choice?
strawberries
If Joan wants to increase her intake of vitamin A, which of the following foods would be best?
sweet potatoes
Mr. C.'s friend points out that the restaurant has nutritional information for each selection on a special menu, which they request from the wait staff. If the nutrition information on the menu uses the same principles as the nutrition information on food labels, Mr. C. can be certain that
the kcalories and amounts of sodium and saturated fats will be listed.
What is Rick's weight category?
upper range of overweight
Considering her current level of activity, what is the most important nutrient that Kaitlyn needs to consume before her workout?
water
Considering how much weight Sadie has gained at the 20th week of pregnancy, what is the recommended weight gain per week so that she will not exceed the maximum weight gain by the end of the pregnancy (40 weeks)?
½ lbs
What might be a cause of Mrs. Treat's ongoing heartburn? a. her age b. spending time outdoors c. being overweight d. foodborne illness e. the multivitamin
c. being overweight
Which food is lowest in saturated fat? a. peanut butter b. pepperoni c. salmon d. lite Havarti cheese e. eggs
c. salmon
What percentages of Maria's daily calories are provided by carbohydrates, protein, and fat?
carbohydrates: 46% protein: 12% fat: 42%
considering Samuels eating habits and the most common source of riboflavin for most people, what simple step could Samuel take to boost his riboflavin intake
consume more milk and milk products
Consider Maria's typical evening meals and the factors that may influence her food habits. Which factor is likely to have the biggest impact on her choices?
convenience
Mrs. Treat notes that her heartburn got worse while she was at the family reunion. Why might that be? a. She took a 1-mile walk. b. She was wearing loose clothes. c. She was playing with her grandchildren. d. She ate slower than usual because she was busy talking to family members. e. She ate too much.
e. She ate too much.
Given the length of her workouts, what would be the healthiest way for Kaitlyn to enhance glycogen storage?
eat a high-carbohydrate meal after her workouts
Erin's doctor believes she has a foodborne illness caused by E. coli. What type of foodborne illness does E. coli cause?
foodborne infection
Of the foods Joan eats, which is the best source of vitamin D
fortified milk
Mr. C.'s friend points out that there is a large salad bar with all sorts of food and suggests that Mr. C. have that. Given his history, which of the following would be the most problematic for Mr. C. if he selects the salad bar?
moderation
which of the foods is an exceptional source of thiamin
pork
Which is a risk factor for chronic diseases based on Ellen's current diet and lifestyle? (A) = high consumption of plant proteins (B) = low intake of fiber and phytochemicals (C) = excessive alcohol intake (D) = diet high in vitamins and/or minerals (E) = low added sugar intake
(B) = low intake of fiber and phytochemicals
Ellen's doctor encourages her to reduce her risk of developing Type 2 diabetes by making some lifestyle changes. All of the following diet and lifestyle changes are associated with reducing the risk of diabetes EXCEPT: (A) = lose weight (B) = stop smoking (C) = drink water in place of soda (D) = snack on an apple/peanut butter instead of frozen desserts (E) = increase physical activity
(B) = stop smoking
Ellen's high intake of added sugars from dozen desserts and daily soft drink consumption puts her at higher risk for? (A) = stroke (B) = cancer (C) = obesity (D) = hypertension (E) = atherosclerosis
(C) = obesity
If Ellen were to reduce her weight to a healthy level and maintain a BMI of between 18.5 and 24.9, how much of a blood pressure reduction would she likely achieve for each 10 kg she lost?
10 mm Hg
Kaitlyn is well aware of the risks of dehydration and decides to monitor her fluid status by weighing herself before and after her workout. How much water should she drink for each pound of weight loss?
2 Cups
1. What is Rick's BMI?
29.4
Suppose Rick engages in light-to-moderate intensity weight lifting. How many calories will he expend per hour of activity? Use his current weight in your calculations.
295
Based on the symptoms of dehydration he is experiencing, what percentage of body fluid would you estimate Michael has lost?
3 to 4 percent
Compare the composition of Maria's diet with the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR). How would you characterize her intake?
Adequate carbohydrates, adequate protein, and high fat
The liver forms glycogen from it
After Mr. P. eats a high sugar meal, what happens first to the excess glucose in his blood?
Ryan needs to incorporate physical activity into his daily routine to help prevent additional weight gain. All of the following suggestions would be advisable except:
Allow the television and computer to remain in his room
Sally's friend, Monique, was morbidly obese and had surgery to help her lose weight. What should Sally know about weight loss surgery?
Bariatric surgery is only an option for those whose BMI ≥40 or BMI ≥ 35 with obesity-related health problems.
Question
Charles C. is a 65-year-old executive who is very overweight and has recently been diagnosed with high blood pressure. He has set a goal to lower his intake of fat and sodium and to increase his intake of calcium- and potassium-rich foods. Mr. C. has met a friend for lunch at his favorite restaurant, which offers pizza, salads, soups, and sandwiches.
Michael experienced dehydration symptoms during his practice for all of the following reasons except
Fluids were consumed during the practice
Based on information in your text, what main ingredient in this product would Kaitlyn expect to be a "natural performance enhancer"?
Glucose
If he continues drinking, how might alcohol affect Mr. Q.'s health?
He will have an increased risk of colon cancer.
to help him manage his weight
How might Mr. P. benefit from a high-fiber diet?
Mr. Q. is concerned about his recent fatty liver diagnosis and wants to know about his prognosis. Which of the following is true of fatty liver?
In the early stages, it is reversible with abstinence from alcohol
Mr. Q wants to know why he has developed a fatty liver. You would give him all of the following reasons except:
The excess acetyl CoA is used to make ketogenic amino acids.
Belinda's mom needs to learn why her daughter's food choices are contributing to iron deficiency. Belinda's diet is not providing sufficient iron for all of the following reasons except:
The iron-containing foods offer heme iron.
What is the relationship between fat content and calories in Tom's food selections? a. Calorie content increases as fat content increases, regardless of the protein source. b. Calorie content increases as fat content increases for animal but not plant proteins. c. Calorie content is unrelated to total fat content. d. Calorie content increases as total fat content decreases. e. Calorie content is related to saturated but not unsaturated fat content.
a. Calorie content increases as fat content increases, regardless of the protein source.
Which of the foods has the lowest unsaturated fat content per serving? a. salmon b. peanut butter c. pepperoni d. eggs e. deli roast beef
a. salmon
What should Tom notice about the cholesterol content of these foods? a. Foods that have no trans fats typically have higher levels of cholesterol. b. High cholesterol foods also have higher protein contents. c. Cholesterol is only found in animal-based foods. d. Plant-based cholesterols are actually more dangerous than animal-based cholesterols. e. The higher the cholesterol, the higher the total calories.
c. Cholesterol is only found in animal-based foods.
Mrs. Treat's niece, the RDN, offers her aunt some strategies for heartburn that she gives her patients with heartburn. Which of these strategies would be among those recommended? a. Eat three main meals daily, no snacks. b. Don't worry about eliminating any foods. c. Drink liquids with meals. d. Wait 3 hours after eating before lying down. e. Keep head flat while sleeping
d. Wait 3 hours after eating before lying down.
Mr. C. looks at the fruits, vegetables, toppings, and dressings at the salad bar and wonders which nutrients each contains. Which would provide him with the most potassium?
dried apricots
Which of Maria's food habits is most influenced by her emotions?
drinking wine in the evening
Ellen's doctor also orders a lipid profile and reviews the results in conjunction with the results of her history and physical exam. Which of the following is considered to indicate high risk of heart disease? (A) = total blood cholesterol of 220 mg/dL (B) = triglycerides of 165 mg/dL (C) = blood pressure of 136/85 (D) = HDL cholesterol of 30 mg/dL (E) = LDL cholesterol of 95 mg/dL
(D) = HDL cholesterol of 30 mg/dL
To decrease her risk of cardiovascular disease, Ellen should do which of the following: (A) = limit saturated fats to less than 15% of daily kcalories (B) = limit sodium intake to less than 2500 mg/day (C) = consume 2 alcoholic beverages per day (3 if she were a male gender) (D) = limit cholesterol to less than 400 mg/day (E) = limit trans fats to less than 1% of daily kcalories
(E) = limit trans fats to less than 1% of total daily kcalories
Erin enters her profile information into the MyPlate website and discovers that she needs 2000 kilocalories per day to achieve a healthy body weight. Which of the following menu plans would allow her to meet the 2000-kcal intake while following the MyPlate lacto-ovo vegetarian guidelines?
2 cups of various fruits; 2.5 cups of various vegetables; 2 eggs; 2 slices bread; 1cup lowfat milk; 1 Tbsp peanut butter and 2 Tbsp strawberry jam spread on 2 slices of bread; 1 cup ice cream; ½ cup beans over 1 cup rice; ½ oz. nuts sprinkled over 1 cup lowfat yogurt; 5 oz. wine
Assuming his energy intake and energy expenditure are in balance, how much fluid should Michael be taking in each day?
3.5 to 5.25 liters
If Mr. Q is drinking four (12-oz) cans of beer each day in addition to his normal food intake, how much weight will he gain in 6 months (180 days)? Assume that 3,500 kcalories consumed in excess leads to one lb of fat gain.
31.5 lbs
Prediabetes
A review of Mr. P's medical records finds that his most recent fasting blood glucose level was 120 mg/dL. This level is consistent with
Joan is a 90-year-old Caucasian woman who has recently been diagnosed with osteoporosis after a fall that broke her hip. She is 64 inches tall and weighs 115 pounds. Lately she has been complaining about muscle pain in her legs. She eats a limited diet due to a chronic low appetite. A recent blood test shows Joan's serum vitamin D level is below normal. Her daily diet includes juice or fruit and toast with butter for breakfast, cottage cheese and fruit for lunch, and salad or a frozen vegetable with meat or poultry for dinner. She dislikes most fish except canned tuna and she often drinks a glass of fortified milk before going to bed at night. Although she lives in New Mexico, she spends most days indoors. Joan has been taking a blood-thinning medication since she was discharged from the hospital. She has been taking a daily multivitamin that contains 5000 IU vitamin A and 400 IU vitamin D for many years.
Case Study
Kaitlyn F. is a 21-year-old woman who weighs 121 pounds. She has taken up running in an effort to lose weight and improve her endurance. She runs 3 to 4 days a week for approximately 45 minutes to an hour. At the store, she finds a sports "energy gel" labeled as a "natural performance enhancer." Each 1.1-ounce package provides 100 kcalories, 40 milligrams sodium, 30 milligrams potassium, and 25 grams total carbohydrates. The directions read: "For best results, consume one package 15 minutes before activity, one to two packages per hour during activity and one package immediately after activity to aid in recovery. Always follow consumption with water." Kaitlyn is trying to determine whether she needs this product for her training regimen.
Case Study
Michael is a 17-year-old high school football player who has recently been doing "two a day" practices in preparation for the upcoming season. He is in good physical condition at 70 inches and 165 pounds. He is attempting to gain weight, so he has increased his intake of protein foods and estimates he eats approximately 3500 kcalories a day. One particularly hot afternoon, Michael is sweating profusely and begins to feel weak and has a difficult time keeping up with his usual practice routines. Noticing that his face is visibly flushed, his coach has him sit out of practice. Michael reports having eaten two peanut butter and jelly sandwiches, potato chips, and a can of soda for lunch, about 2 hours before practice. He had a breakfast burrito with eggs and cheese for breakfast with a 12-ounce glass of orange juice.
Case Study
Sally is a 43-year-old mother of two who has gained 50 pounds over the past 5 years. She is 64 inches tall and weighs 180 pounds with a BMI of 30.8. Her waist circumference is 37 inches. She acknowledges that she is not as physically active as she would like to be. She also notes how recent stresses in her life have affected her sleep and seem to have triggered her appetite for sweets and comfort foods. Sally's father recently died from complications of type 2 diabetes, and her mother and sisters are overweight. Sally says she is very motivated to "not get diabetes" and is disturbed that her recent physical exam revealed mildly elevated blood pressure, glucose, and cholesterol levels.
Case Study
Samuel is a 63 year old single man who works full-time in a food processing plant. He has a history of esophageal cancer, which was treated successfully with anti-cancer drugs and surgery for years ago. His weight had been stable at 135 lb until 6 months ago. Since then, he has experienced an involuntary weight loss of 10 lbs. He complains of a poor appetite and being overly weak, tired, and irritable. He also complains of cracks at the corners of his mouth and a chronic sore throat, which concerns him, given his cancer history. His usual diet is fairly consistent. He states that he rarely eats breakfast because he starts work at 6 a.m. He eats to deli meat sandwiches, usually for strong and salami, and a soda at 10 am. And may eat a candy bar in the afternoon when he gets off work. He often prepares and eats a frozen dinner or pizza at home in the evening and we're chimney drinks about 4 or 5 beers before going to bed. Occasionally, he cooks roast and mashed potatoes for dinner and may have cereal with milk for a snack before bed. He rarely eats vegetables or fruits.
Case Study
Case Study
Ellen is a 55-year-old woman with multiple medical problems, including chronic back pain. She is 66 inches tall and weighs 286 pounds. She takes medications for high blood pressure and hypercholesterolemia, both of which are currently under control. She also takes pain medications every day and has difficulty walking, although she occasionally attends a water exercise class at the local sports center. She states that she has been overweight most of her life and confesses that foods, especially sweet foods, are a comfort to her when she experiences physical or emotional pain. Her diet history reveals an intake of two or three cans of ginger ale or root beer each day. Her usual meals with her husband include meat or chicken (she does not like fish) and vegetables, such as corn or potatoes. She snacks on several types of frozen desserts between meals. She enjoys milk on occasion but admits that it is not a part of her regular diet. A recent visit to her doctor reveals a weight gain of 15 pounds over the past six months and an increase in her fasting blood glucose level into the pre-diabetes range and she has no family history of diabetes. However, her doctor has recommended that she try to lose weight and make lifestyle changes to prevent her from developing diabetes.
Case Study
Erin C. is a 27-year-old professional woman who describes a recent bout of "the 24-hour flu" she experienced after eating out with friends over the weekend. She reports feeling an upset stomach at work on Monday with an increase in symptoms that developed into severe abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, and some bloody diarrhea, continuing into the evening. She called her doctor the next morning and reported what she had eaten the day before she developed symptoms: Two glasses of wine, broiled rare steak with mushroom sauce, a baked potato with sour cream and butter, and an assorted greens salad with oil and vinegar dressing from the salad bar where she was dining with friends. Earlier on that same day, she had eaten leftovers from her refrigerator—a small pork chop, spinach salad, and a glass of milk from a local organic dairy farm.
Case Study
Frank P. is a 48-year-old landscape architect who is concerned about his recent weight gain. He is 69 inches tall and weighs 202 pounds. His usual weight is 190 pounds. Mr. P reports that—due to his busy schedule—he often skips breakfast or stops for a donut and coffee with sugar on his way to work in the morning. He frequently eats out with clients for lunch and usually eats dinner at home with his wife. His favorite nighttime snack is ice cream, although he has found that as he's gotten older, the ice cream seems to cause bloating, abdominal discomfort, and diarrhea. He reports sometimes feeling weak and hungry during the day, but eating a candy bar or drinking a cola makes him feel better. He reports no dietary restrictions, although he states he avoids products that contain high-fructose corn syrup, preferring instead products sweetened with sugar.
Mr. C considers other lunch options on the menu. Which of the following meals has foods from all five groups of the MyPlate food guide?
Hawaiian pizza (ham, pineapple, cheese), marinated bean salad, and a diet root beer
Looking at Sally's health information, you need to tell her about all of the following health risks to encourage her to lose weight. Which health risk is incorrect?
Her BMI of 30.5 indicates that she is overweight.
Belinda's poor iron status is partly attributable to poor iron absorption. She is not absorbing dietary iron very well for all of the following reasons except:
Her iron-containing food choices contain heme iron.
What features of Erin's diet would explain why she has been sick more than usual?
Her low energy intake (1200 kilocalories) is forcing the body to use some of the limited dietary protein to meet energy needs rather than make needed antibodies to fight an infection.
What features of Joan's diet and supplement use might explain why she now has osteoporosis
Her low vitamin D and calcium intakes and her history of taking a multi-vitamin pill containing 5000 IU Vitamin A per day can all lead to the development of osteoporosis
Question
Maria Gonzales is a 57-year-old operating room nurse who works full-time at a local hospital. She is 65 inches tall and weighs 160 pounds. She has a family history of diabetes and heart disease, and was recently diagnosed with high blood cholesterol. Maria has declined the cholesterol-lowering medication that her doctor prescribed, explaining that she would like to explore other methods for lowering her cholesterol first. After reading an article on the Internet a few weeks ago, Maria has been taking a tablespoon of coconut oil every day in the hopes that it will lower her cholesterol. She says that she lacks time and energy for exercising. Her diet history reveals that she often skips breakfast or term-2buys a bagel with cream cheese and flavored coffee on her way to work. While at work, she drinks at least one more cup of coffee with cream and sugar before noon. Lunch is a salad with crackers and iced tea with sugar in the hospital cafeteria. When Maria arrive homes, she occasionally drinks one or two glasses of wine, especially after a stressful day. She lives alone and relies on frozen dinners and other convenience foods for dinner. An analysis of her diet reveals an average daily intake of 200 grams of carbohydrates, 50 grams of protein, and 80 grams of fat.
Which of the following is not known to promote vitamin D deficiency in the elderly?
Reduced absorption of vitamin D
Question
Rick is a healthy 19-year-old college student who is 70 inches tall and weighs 205 pounds. He has decided to "get a six-pack" over the summer with a diet and exercise program. As part of his new plan, he has stopped drinking soda and is eating more salads in addition to his usual diet. Besides of these changes, he is unclear on how to proceed to reach his fitness goal. Rick's mother wants to make sure his approach will not interfere with his normal growth and development, and has asked him to seek reliable information to help him make a reasonable plan.
Ryan must change his current dietary choices to achieve a healthy weight now and into the future. To help Ryan improve his diet and avoid being "always hungry," his parents should incorporate all of the following strategies except:
Ryan can continue to eat the snacks offered at school and in the after-school program because they are nutrient-dense foods.
Which of the foods would have the highest omega-3 polyunsaturated fat content per serving?
Salmon
Belinda's blood test indicates that she is iron-deficient. All of the behavior patterns her mother reported would also suggest iron deficiency except:
She complains about being too hot
Kaitlyn needs to understand how to maintain hydration while she runs for 45-60 minutes. Which of the following would NOT be good advice?
She needs to drink 8 oz of water every 15 minutes during the activity to maintain hydration.
