BIOL: Ch. 4 Homework

What mitochondrial feature enhances cellular respiration?

Cristae

How are cell surface proteins exported out of the cell?

The protein is folded, then packaged for transport to the Golgi apparatus.

Where are chlorophyll molecules located within plant cells?

embedded in the thylakoid membrane

What changes would you expect to see in the liver cells of someone suffering from chronic alcoholism?

increased levels of endoplasmic reticulum activity

During a bacterial infection, signals are produced that communicate with the nucleus via molecules found on the surface of specific cells. This allows for the recruitment of white blood cells. What molecules are communicating with the nucleus?

integrins

In a disease called primary ciliary dyskenisia, microtubules are disrupted, which results in abnormal ciliary movements. This disease could be caused by

lack of dynein proteins.

Which cell structure is responsible for metabolism?

mitochondrion

You have identified a new organism. It has ribosomes, plasmodesmata, and cell walls made of cellulose. This new organism is most likely a

plant.

Which of the following would distinguish a bacterial cell from an animal cell?

presence of a cell wall

The eyepiece of a light microscope has a magnification level of 10x. If you were looking at a paramecium under the lowest-power objective (4x), what would be the total magnification of the microscope at this setting?

40x

The cells of a person with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) swell with a buildup of fatty acids. Which organelle is most likely failing to function correctly?

Lysosome

What is the relationship between the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane?

The finished products of the Golgi apparatus may leave the cell through vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.

Which of the following cytoplasmic structures functions in the transport of vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus?

microtubules

Pancreatic cells produce large amounts of protein. About how many ribosomes would you expect there to be in a pancreatic cell?

several million

The plasma membrane would fit into which general function category?

support, movement, and communication

A 100mm x 100mm x 100mm cell has a surface area that is ___ and a volume that is ___. A second cell, that is 10mm x 10mm x 10mm, has a ___ surface-to-volume ratio when compared to the first cell.

60,000 mm^2; 1,000,000m^3; greater

What do the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes have in common?

They are constructed of interrelated membranes.

Which is a typical function of lysosomes?

Breaking down of damaged organelles, such as chloroplasts.

Which plant structure is most like gap junctions in animal cells?

plasmodesmata

Which tissue would likely contain large amounts of anchoring junctions?

stomach issue

Which of the following structures is essential for the successful operation of the endomembrane system?

transport vesicles

In human females, an ovum (egg cell) is not released directly from the ovary into the oviduct. Which mechanism below is the best explanation for how the ovum makes it into the oviduct?

Cilia located at the opening of the oviduct capture the ovum in a sweeping motion.

One function of the central vacuole in plants is growth. The central vacuole grows larger when there is an increase in the amount of stored material. An animal cell does not grow by this method. What is the essential difference between animals and plants that requires the central vacuole?

The plant cell wall provides a more rigid structure.

Many researchers think that the first eukaryotic cells consumed the organic compounds needed for life-sustaining functions. Given this information, which of the following organelles most likely appeared last in eukaryotic cells?

chloroplast

Protein synthesis requires several components, several of which are constructed in the nucleus. Which is the only macromolecule involved that enters the nucleus, is modified, and then leaves via the nuclear pores?

ribosomal proteins