Biology 102 ch 34 SG

What is the inner portion of the adrenal gland that secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine? a. Adrenal medulla b. Hypothalamus c. Adrenal cortex d. Anterior pituitary e. Cerebrum

a. Adrenal medulla

Which is a thyroid hormone produced by many animals that encourages bones to take up and incorporate calcium? a. Calcitonin b. Glucagon c. Insulin d. Parathyroid e. Melatonin

a. Calcitonin

Illness, stress, or anxiety override the negative feedback loop that regulates ____, thus causing its level to soar. a. cortisol b. somatotropin c. insulin d. prolactin e. parathyroid hormone

a. Cortisol

Which hormone causes a decrease in fat storage and an increase in synthesis of muscle proteins? a. Growth hormone b. Oxytocin c. Prolactin d. Adrenaline e. Epinephrine

a. Growth Hormone

The intercellular signaling molecule secreted by an endocrine gland or cell is called a(n) __________. a. hormone b. neurotransmitter c. neuromodulator d. prostaglandin e. antibody

a. Hormone

Chemicals that interfere with ecdysone function are sometimes used as ____. a. insecticides b. fungicides c. herbicides d. fungicides and nematocides e. fertilizers

a. Insecticides

The hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary are ____. a. peptide hormones b. neurotransmitters c. steroid hormones d. second messengers e. polar

a. Peptide hormones

Which gland is associated with seasonal biorhythms? a. Pineal b. Parathyroid c. Thymus d. Pituitary e. Thymus

a. Pineal

What is the most likely cause of the excessive growth exhibited by the person in the center of the accompanying figure? a. Pituitary tumor b. Lack of GH receptor response c. Low levels of rhGH d. Cretinism e. Laron syndrome

a. Pituitary tumor

Which are lipid-soluble hormones derived from cholesterol? a. Steroid hormones b. Peptide hormones c. Amine hormones d. Second messengers e. Proteins

a. Steroid hormones

In individuals affected by type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia is caused by ____. a. decreased response of target cells to insulin. b. increased response of target cells to insulin. c. inability of pancreatic cells to make insulin. d. excess insulin production. e. lowered blood sugar levels.

a. decreased response of target cells to insulin.

Activities that disrupt the production of melatonin at night may increase the risk of ____. a. heart disease b. cancer c. increasing gonadal output d. pancreas reduction e. too much sleep

b. Cancer

Insulin and glucagon work together to maintain optimum levels of ____ in the blood. a. glycogen b. glucose c. alpha cells d. thyroxine e. digestive enzymes

b. Glucose

Which endocrine gland is the main center for control of the internal environment? a. Pineal b. Hypothalamus c. Thyroid d. Adrenal cortex e. Thalamus

b. Hypothalamus

A(n) ______hormone released by the hypothalamus prevents the release of hormones by the anterior pituitary gland. a. releasing b. inhibiting c. amino acid-derived d. steroid e. peptide

b. Inhibiting

Ecdysone, a steroid hormone, controls ____. a. the menstrual cycle b. molting in arthropods c. the wake-sleep cycle d. the formation of hormone receptors e. the formation of sperm

b. Molting in athropods

Researchers first discovered the existence of hormones by studying secretions from the ________. a. adrenal glands b. pancreas c. gonads d. thymus gland e. pineal gland

b. Pancreas

What do peptide hormones consists of? a. Fatty acid chains b. Short chains of amino acids c. Modified cholesterol d. Proteins e. Modified amino acids

b. Short chains of amino acids

A normally functioning pancreas produces insulin, a hormone that causes cells to ____. a. produce glucagon b. take up and store glucose c. synthesize protein d. break down glucose e. produce glucagon

b. Take up and store glucose

The adrenal cortex secretion that controls sodium and water reabsorption by the kidneys is _____. a. cortisol b. epinephrine c. aldosterone d. norepinephrine e. adrenocorticotropic hormone

c. Aldosterone

Peptide and protein hormones are polar molecules that ____. a. inhibit the effect of nonpolar hormones b. alter the effect of certain genes c. bind to a receptor at the cell membrane d. move directly across the cell membrane and enter the nucleus e. form ATP

c. Bind to a receptor at the cell membrane

A decrease in cortisol triggers a negative feedback loop and causes release of _____. a. FSH b. cortisol c. corticotropin releasing hormone d. luteinizing hormone e. TSH

c. Corticotropin releasing hormone

Type I diabetes is characterized by ___________. a. high blood insulin levels b. low blood sugar levels c. destruction of insulin-secreting beta cells d. low glucagon levels e. higher than normal uptake of glucose from the blood

c. Destruction of insulin-secreting beta cells

Which of the following is a secondary sexual trait? a. Ovulation in females b. Pproduction of semen in males c. Facial hair in males d. Ovaries in a female e. Testes in males

c. Facial hair in males

A pancreatic hormone that causes cells to break down glycogen and release glucose is known as _______. a. calcitonin b. glucagon c. insulin d. pancreas e. melatonin

c. Insulin

Neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus make ____, which are secreted into blood at the posterior pituitary. a. adrenaline and prolactin b. prolactin and oxytocin c. antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin d. luteinizing hormone and oxytocin e. growth hormone and prolactin

c. antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin

If excessive growth hormone secretion occurs during adulthood, the result is called ____. a. Laron syndrome b. gigantism c. dwarfism d. acromegaly e. rhGH

d. Acromegaly

Because a steroid hormone is nonpolar, it ____. a. must be transported across a cell membrane with a receptor molecule b. is equipped with specific receptor molecules c. can dissolve in blood d. can diffuse directly across a cell membrane e. is an inhibiting hormone

d. Can diffuse directly across a cell membrane

The adrenal cortex hormone that influences metabolism and immunity is the _____________. a. adrenal medulla b. adrenal gland c. adrenal cortex d. cortisol e. gonads

d. Cortisol

Mutations can affect hormone receptors in the following ways, except for which statement? a. Result in missing or defective receptors b. Alter the rate of production of receptors c. Affect the response to a hormone d. Decrease the level of hormones in their vicinity e. Alter the binding site of receptors

d. Decrease the level of hormones in the vicinity

_____ is a hormone that triggers the gonads to release sex hormones. a. Estrogen b. Testosterone c. Progesterone d. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone e. Luteinizing hormone

d. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Which statement best describes type 1 diabetes? a. Near-normal insulin levels are maintained. b. Beta cells are hyperactive. c. It is the more common form of diabetes. d. Insulin-producing cells are attacked by the immune system. e. It often occurs as a result of obesity.

d. Insulin-producing cells are attacked by the immune system.

An organ that secretes both digestive enzymes into the small intestine and hormones into the blood is the _______. a. liver b. appendix c. small intestine d. pancreas e. gall bladder

d. Pancreas

Which type of hormone releases cyclic AMP as a second messenger? a. Peptide only b. Steroid only c. Protein only d. Peptide and protein only e. peptide, steroid, and protein

d. Peptide and protein only

Melatonin secretion influences ____. a. secondary sex characteristics b. glucagon production c. adrenal function d. seasonal changes in behavior e. Graves' disease

d. Seasonal changes in behavior

The three stress hormones are _____. a. cortisol, FSH, and LH b. epinephrine, cortisol, and FSH c. norepinephrine, cortisol, and FSH d. epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol e. epinephrine, norepinephrine, and FSH

d. epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol

Glucagon is ____. a. produced by beta cells in response to high insulin levels. b. produced by alpha cells in response to low insulin levels. c. produced by beta cells in response to high blood glucose levels. d. produced by alpha cells in response to low blood glucose levels. e. produced by alpha cells in response to high blood glucose levels.

d. produced by alpha cells in response to low blood glucose levels.

Hypothyroidism can be caused by a dietary deficiency in ____. a. vitamin D b. multivitamins c. Penicillin d. thyroxin e. iodine

e. Iodine

A decrease in blood glucose from skipping a meal will cause the ____ to secrete glucagon, which will cause the ____ to break down glycogen into glucose. a. liver; pancreas b. pancreas; gall bladder c. spleen; pancreas d. pancreas; spleen e. pancreas; liver

e. Pancreas; liver

Which of the following statement is not correct in context with the thyroid gland? a. It secretes two iodine-containing amines. b. Thyroid hormone decreases the metabolic activity of cells throughout the body. c. Low blood concentration of thyroid hormone causes the hypothalamus to secrete thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH). d. Thyroid-releasing hormone causes the anterior pituitary to secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). e. TSH stimulates the secretion of thyroid hormone.

g. Thyroid hormone decreases the metabolic activity of cells throughout the body.