Biology 102 chapter#1 (Michelle)

The_____ reproductive system includes the testes, and penis.

male

The spinal cord is located in the__________canal

vertebral or dorsal

The front of the elbow is which region? A)Cubital B)Antecubital C)Brachial D)Antebrachial

B)Antecubital

The cheek is which region? A)Occipital B)Buccal C)Oral D)Mental

B)Buccal

Which system are the blood vessels part of? A)Endocrine B)Cardiovascular C)Reproductive D)Nervous

B)Cardiovascular

Which of the following describes positive feedback mechanisms? (Choose all that apply.) A) A mechanism that continues until it completes a process that has a specific cut off point. B) A process that stimulates and promotes a change that is occurring in the body C) The most common mechanism of homeostasis in the body

A) A mechanism that continues until it completes a process that has a specific cut off point. B) A process that stimulates and promotes a change that is occurring in the body

The cranial cavity houses which organ? A) Brain B) Lungs C) Spinal cord D) Stomach E) Heart

A) Brain

Which of the following feedback mechanisms work to maintain a relatively constant value, with very little fluctuation from the set point? A) Negative B) Positive

A) Negative

The anatomical position can be described as: A) standing upright, arms at side, palms facing forward B) lying face up, arms up above the head, palms down C) lying face down, arms at side, palms facing down

A) standing upright, arms at side, palms facing forward

Organelles are: (select all that apply) A) structures that carry out specific functions within cells B) small organs in the body like the eyes, ears and nose C) structures composed of groups of macromolecules

A) structures that carry out specific functions within cells C) structures composed of groups of macromolecules

Which of the following is NOT a component of a homeostatic mechanism? A)A nerve pathway B)A control center C)A sensor D)An effector

A)A nerve pathway

The head is which region? A)Cephalic B)Lumbar C)Brachial D)Pectoral

A)Cephalic

Which system are the hormones part of? A)Endocrine B)Cardiovascular C)Reproductive D)Nervous

A)Endocrine

The thigh is which region? A)Femoral B)Crural C)Plantar D)Palmar

A)Femoral

What type of energy is used to create a PET scan? A)Gamma rays B)Electrons C)Protons D)Electrical

A)Gamma rays

The urinary bladder is found in which abdominopelvic region? A)Hypogastric B)Left lumbar C)Right iliac D)Umbilical

A)Hypogastric

If a person has a rash in the cervical region,where is it located? A)Neck B)Lower back C)Arm D)Chest

A)Neck

The foot is which region? A)Pedal B)Lumbar C)Brachial D)Pectoral

A)Pedal

Sally is rushed to the hospital with acute appendicitis.Which serous membrane is in danger of infection? A)Peritoneum B)Pleura C)Meninges D)Pericardium

A)Peritoneum

Which type of cut or section will give right and left portions? A)Sagittal B)Transverse C)Frontal D)Coronal

A)Sagittal

What is used in a sonogram to create an image? A)Sound waves B)Electrons C)Gamma rays D)X-rays

A)Sound waves

What occurs as a result of a negative feedback mechanism? A)The change moves further from the set point in a negative direction. B)No change occurs in the body. C)There is a reversal from the original change. D)A body function is stoppeD.

A)The change moves further from the set point in a negative direction.

Which body system removes metabolic wastes and helps maintain acid-base balance? A)Urinary system B)Digestive system C)Respiratory system D)Endocrine system

A)Urinary system

Which of the following pairs is correctly matched? A)Ventral - toward the front B)Ipsilateral - on opposite sides C)Deep - toward the surface D)Proximal - further from the point of attachment

A)Ventral - toward the front

The thoracic cavity is part of which larger cavity? A)Ventral cavity B)Dorsal cavity C)Abdominopelvic cavity

A)Ventral cavity

Which refers to a membrane attached to the surface of a lung? A)Visceral pleura B)Parietal pleura C)Visceral peritoneum D)Parietal peritoneum

A)Visceral pleura

The two organ systems involved in providing oxygen to cells and removing carbon dioxide from cells are the A)cardiovascular and respiratory. B)respiratory and digestive. C)integumentary and muscular. D)reproductive and nervous.

A)cardiovascular and respiratory.

Viscera refers to A)internal organs B)tissues C)cells D)atoms.

A)internal organs.

Integration and coordination are part of the body's A)nervous system. B)skin. C)skeleton. D)cardiovascular system.

A)nervous system.

Cerebrospinal fluid is associated with A)the meninges. B)serosae of the thoracic cavity. C)synovial joints. D)visceral peritoneum.

A)the meninges

A group of similar cells performing a specialized function is referred to as a(n) A)tissue B)organ C)molecule D)system

A)tissue

If the heart is cut to give the atria and the ventricles,it was cut on a A)transverse plane B)midsagittal plane C)frontal plane D)longitudinal section.

A)transverse plane.

Most of the stomach would be found in the _______ quadrant of the abdominal cavity. A)upper left B)upper right C)lower left D)lower right

A)upper left

List the levels of organization of the human body in order from least complex to most complex and provide a brief description of each level.

Atom = Microscopic subcomponent particle of all chemicals. Molecule = Formed when atoms join together. Macromolecule = Large molecule formed from smaller subunit molecules. Organelle = Membranous structure that performs a function in a cell. Cell = Basic unit of all living things. Tissue = Formed from similar types of cells. Organ = Composed of several types of tissues and performs a particular function in an organ system. Organ system = A collection of organs that work together to perform a broad function in an organism. Organism = A human being.

A structure located in front of another is: A) medial B) anterior C) superior D) posterior

B) anterior

Which of the following structures are located in the axial portion of the body? A) upper and lower limbs B) head, neck and trunk

B) head, neck and trunk

The liver would be found in which cavity? A)Dorsal cavity B)Abdominal cavity C)Pericardial cavity D)Pleural cavity

B)Abdominal cavity

In which cavity would you find the brain? A)Ventral cavity B)Dorsal cavity C)Abdominopelvic cavity D)Oral cavity

B)Dorsal

The lower back is which region? A)Cephalic B)Lumbar C)Brachial D)Pectoral

B)Lumbar

Which two body systems are involved in transportation and protection of the body from disease? A)Integumentary and urinary systems B)Lymphatic and cardiovascular systems C)Muscular and lymphatic systems D)Respiratory and sensory systems

B)Lymphatic and cardiovascular systems

Which of the following is NOT considered anatomical position? A)Standing erect B)Palms facing backward C)Face forward D)Toes pointing forward

B)Palms facing backward

Which term refers to the study of how an organ functions? A)Anatomy B)Physiology C)Ecology D)Homeostasis

B)Physiology

Which of the following pairs are opposing terms? A)Superior/posterior B)Superior/inferior C)Anterior/inferior D)Superior/anterior

B)Superior/inferior

An ear infection is considered a/an ______ disease. A)orbital B)local C)systemic D)pandemic

B)local

The two organ systems involved in controlling all other systems to maintain homeostasis are the A)skeletal and muscular. B)nervous and endocrine. C)urinary and respiratory. D)endocrine and digestive.

B)nervous and endocrine.

The spinal cord is __________ to the esophagus. A)anterior B)posterior C)ventral D)inferior

B)posterior

The kidneys and urinary bladder are part of the A)endocrine system. B)urinary system. C)lymphatic system. D)digestive system.

B)urinary system.

The_____ portion of a serous membrane covers the organs in a body cavity. The_____ portion of a serous membrane covers the inner wall of the body cavity.

Blank 1: visceral Blank 2: parietal

Which of the following statements are true regarding homeostatic mechanisms? A) They have a large range of limits B) They mostly work through positive feedback mechanisms C) They help regulate body temperature and blood and fluid composition

C) They help regulate body temperature and blood and fluid composition

Which of the following fluids make up the internal environment of the body: A) saliva B) gastric juice C) interstitial fluid (tissue fluid that surrounds the cells) D) urine E)blood

C) interstitial fluid (tissue fluid that surrounds the cells) E) blood

In a serous membrane, the ______ layer lines the cavity wall and the ______ layer covers the surface of the internal organ(s). A) visceral; parietal B) pericardial; meninges C) parietal; visceral D) meninges; pericardial

C) parietal; visceral

Which of the following are homeostatic mechanisms of the Integumentary System? (select all that apply) A) regulation of blood pressure B) storage of calcium C) protection and support of internal structures D) prevention of water loss

C) protection and support of internal structures D) prevention of water loss

Match the components of the male reproductive system. (Select all that apply) A) vulva B) uterine tubes C) testes D) penis E) ovaries

C) testes D) penis

The integumentary system consists of: A) the stomach, liver and intestines. B) the pituitary, thyroid and adrenal glands. C) the skin, hair, nails and associated glands. D) the kidneys, urinary bladder and urethra.

C) the skin, hair, nails and associated glands.

In which cavity would you find the stomach? A)Pleural cavity B)Dorsal cavity C)Abdominopelvic cavity D)Mediastinum

C)Abdominopelvic cavity

Which of the following occurs as a result of positive feedback and assists in the maintenance of homeostasis? A)Body temperature regulation B)Blood pH regulation C)Blood clot formation D)Blood cell production

C)Blood clot formation

The arm is which region? A)Cephalic B)Lumbar C)Brachial D)Pectoral

C)Brachial

Which of the following is INCORRECT in describing the nose? A)It is superior to the mouth B)It is medial to the eyes C)It is on the dorsal aspect of the face D)It is inferior to the forehead.

C)It is on the dorsal aspect of the face.

What type of medical scan is more useful in visualizing soft tissue? A)X-ray B)CT scan C)MRI D)PET

C)MRI

If a person has a sore in the oral cavity,where is it located? A)Head B)Lower back C)Mouth D)Head

C)Mouth

Which of the following refers to the membrane lining the abdominal cavity wall? A)Parietal pericardium B)Visceral peritoneum C)Parietal peritoneum D)Visceral pleura

C)Parietal peritoneum

Which term refers to the back? A)Inferior B)Lateral C)Posterior D)Peripheral

C)Posterior

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system? A)Production of blood cells B)Support C)Production of heat D)Mineral storage

C)Production of heat

Which system are the testes part of? A)Urinary B)Cardiovascular C)Reproductive D)Nervous

C)Reproductive

Which part of the body plays a major part in support,movement,and protection? A)Nervous system B)Endocrine system C)Skeleton D)Cardiovascular system

C)Skeleton

Which two cavities does the diaphragm separate? A)Abdominal and pelvic B)Dorsal and ventral C)Thoracic and abdominal D)Cranial and spinal

C)Thoracic and abdominal

The majority of the small intestine is found in which abdominopelvic region? A)Epigastric B)Right hypochondriac C)Umbilical D)Left iliac

C)Umbilical

Which system is involved in regulating fluid levels and chemical content of the blood? A)Cardiovascular system B)Lymphatic system C)Urinary system D)Digestive system

C)Urinary system

The right hand and left foot are ______________ to each other. A)ipsilateral B)posterior C)contralateral D)superficial

C)contralateral

Appendicular refers to the A)skull B)thorax C)legs and arms D)skull and thorax.

C)legs and arms.

The inflammation of the membranes of the posterior (dorsal)cavity is called A)serositis B)pleurisy C)meningitis D)pericarditis

C)meningitis

Cells are to tissues as tissues are to A)systems B)molecules C)organs D)organelles

C)organs

The mediastinum is part of the A)pleural and ventral cavities. B)thoracic and dorsal cavities. C)thoracic and ventral cavities. D)abdominopelvic and ventral cavities.

C)thoracic and ventral cavities.

The branch of science concerned with the structure of body parts is called: A) physics B) physiology C) pathology D) anatomy

D) anatomy

Structures within cells that carry out specific functions are called: A) tissues B) systems C) organs D) organelles

D) organelles

The armpit is which region? A)Acromial B)Pectoral C)Mammary D)Axillary

D)Axillary

If a person was diagnosed as having a tumor in the dorsal cavity,where might you expect to find it? A)Abdominal or pelvic cavities B)Superior or inferior cavities C)Thoracic or abdominal cavities D)Cranial or spinal cavities

D)Cranial or spinal cavities

Which type of cut will give front and back portions? A)Median B)Transverse C)Sagittal D)Frontal or coronal

D)Frontal or coronal

Billy had surgery to remove his appendix.In which abdominal quadrant would the incision be made? A)Upper left B)Upper right C)Lower left D)Lower right

D)Lower right

Which system is the spinal cord part of? A)Endocrine B)Lymphatic C)Skeletal D)Nervous

D)Nervous

Which of the following pairs of body regions is INCORRECT? A)Carpal - wrist B)Popliteal - back of knee C)Gluteal - buttocks D)Orbital - ear

D)Orbital - ear

The chest is which region? A)Cephalic B)Lumbar C)Brachial D)Pectoral

D)Pectoral

The lungs would be found in which cavity? A)Spinal cavity B)Abdominal cavity C)Mediastinum D)Pleural cavity

D)Pleural cavity

Most of the liver is found in which abdominopelvic region? A)Left iliac B)Right lumbar C)Umbilical D)Right hypochondriac

D)Right hypochondriac

Which of the following provides the best example of a negative feedback control mechanism? A)Increased body temperature due to exercise B)Increased uterine contractions in labor C)Putting on a sweater because you are cold D)Shivering in order to generate heat due to a drop in body temperature

D)Shivering in order to generate heat due to a drop in body temperature

A disease that occurs suddenly and does not last a long time is considered A)chronic. B)local. C)systemiC. D)acute.

D)acute

Observing the parts of the brain would be part of the study of A)homeostasis B)physiology C)anthropology D)anatomy

D)anatomy

The hand is ___________ to the elbow. A)superior B)anterior C)proximal D)distal

D)distal

The spleen and thymus are part of the A)cardiovascular system. B)respiratory system. C)digestive system. D)lymphatic and immune systems.

D)lymphatic and immune systems.

The heart is _____ to the lungs. A)dorsal B)superior C)lateral D)medial

D)medial

An organism consists of A)molecules B)cells C)organs D)molecules,cells,and organs

D)molecules,cells,and organs.

Homeostasis refers to A)changing external conditions. B)stable external conditions. C)changing internal conditions. D)stable internal conditions.

D)stable internal conditions.

Skin is part of A)integration and coordination. B)maintenance of the body. C)transportation. D)support,movement,and protection.

D)support,movement,and protection.

Transportation within the body is mainly part of A)the nervous system. B)the skin. C)the skeleton. D)the cardiovascular system.

D)the cardiovascular system.

The body contains two major cavities. What are they?

Dorsal cavity Ventral cavity.

Soft tissue such as muscles shows up as light areas on X-rays. True/False

False: Soft tissue such as muscles shows up as dark areas on X-rays.

The posterior (dorsal)body cavity is lined with the synovial membrane. True/False

False : The posterior (dorsal)body cavity is lined with the meninges.

The respiratory system delivers oxygen to the cells. (True/False)

False :The cardiovascular system delivers oxygen to cells.The respiratory system delivers the oxygen to the blood.

The foot is proximal to the knee (True/False)

False. The foot is distal to the knee.

All body systems work independently to provide homeostasis. True/False

False: All body systems work together to provide homeostasis.

Explain why the heating of your home is an example of a negative feedback mechanism.

In a home,when the temperature drops below the level set on the thermostat,the thermostat will signal the furnace to switch on.The furnace produces heat that is transported throughout the house and the temperature rises.This is an example of negative feedback because the response (production of heat)was the opposite or negative of the stimulus (low temperature).

Mediastinum is the middle region of the_____ cavity.

Thoracic

In negative feedback,the body's response is in the opposite direction from the change in order to return the body to normal. (True/ False)

True

The function of serous fluid is to reduce friction between tissues. True/False

True

The gallbladder and spleen are contralateral to each other (True/False)

True

Distinguish between anatomy and physiology,and then explain how they are related.

Whereas anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts,physiology is the study of the functioning of body parts.Anatomy and physiology are closely related in that the structure of any body part suits its function.

Contrast positive and negative feedback mechanisms with regard to their general outcomes.

Whereas negative feedback is used to maintain a specific factor (e.g.body temperature)within an acceptable range,positive feedback is used to drive a process (e.g.childbirth)to completion.

Standing erect with arms at sides, face and palms forward, is referred to as being in the_____ position.

anatomical

A structure located to the front of another structure is considered to be .

anterior, ventral, or superficial

Arrange the following terms from the smallest to the largest: 1)cell 2)organelle 3)atom 4)organ 5)tissue

atom, organelle, cell, tissue, organ ( 3,2,1,5,4)

When homeostatic mechanisms don't work properly and a part of the body can no longer function properly,________ , or even death, occurs.

disease, illness, diseases, or sickness

The maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment is called .

homeostasis

The_________ system supports and protects internal structures, protects against water loss, and helps to regulate the body temperature.

integumentary

Blood and the tissue fluid that surrounds the cells make up the _____ environment of the body. A) external B) internal

internal

Differentiate between local disease systemic disease acute disease chronic disease

local disease affects a specific part of the body,a systemic disease affects the entire body or several organ systems. acute disease occurs suddenly and generally lasts a short time. chronic disease develops slowly and is generally long-term.

A process that promotes and stimulates the change that is occurring in the body is a_______ feedback mechanism.

positive

A(n)_________ plane is a cut that separates the body into left and right portions.

sagittal, medial, midsagittal, or median

The membranes that cover the ventral cavity and internal organs and secrete lubricating fluid are _______membranes.

serous

List the organ systems that allow for body movement and describe the role each system plays in the production of movement.

skeletal and muscular systems allow for body movement. bones of the skeletal system serve as attachment sites for muscles and contraction of the muscles muscular system serves to move the bones.

Organs of the nervous system include A) the skin, hair, nails, glands. B) the brain, spinal cord and nerves. C) the heart, arteries and veins. D) the bones, joints and cartilage.

the brain, spinal cord and nerves.

Serous membranes provide lubricating fluid for the _____ cavity. cranial vertebral ventral dorsal

ventral

Serous membranes provide lubricating fluid for the _____ cavity. A) cranial B) vertebral C) dorsal D) ventral

ventral