Biology 102 Exam 4 Practice Questions

32) The panting responses that are observed in overheated birds and mammals dissipate excess heat by _____. A) evaporation B) countercurrent exchange C) vasoconstriction D) acclimation

A) evaporation

31) When the bodyʹs blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin and, as a result, the blood glucose level declines. When the blood glucose level is low, the pancreas secretes glucagon and, as a result, the blood glucose level rises. Such regulation of the blood glucose level is the result of _____. A) negative feedback B) catalytic feedback C) protein‐protein interactions D) positive feedback

A) negative feedback

4) In an open circulatory system, blood is _____. A) not always confined to blood vessels and is under lower pressure than in closed circulatory systems B) not always confined to blood vessels and is under higher pressure than in closed circulatory systems C) always inside of vessels and is under lower pressure than in closed circulatory systems D) always inside of vessels and is under higher pressure than in closed circulatory systems

A) not always confined to blood vessels and is under lower pressure than in closed circulatory systems

25) Digestive secretions with a pH of 2 are characteristic of the _____ . A) stomach B) liver C) pancreas D) small intestine

A) stomach

2) Organisms with a circulating body fluid that is distinct from the fluid that directly surrounds the bodyʹs cells are likely to have _____. A) Branched Trachea B) A closed circulatory system C) An open circulatory system D) A gastrovascular cavity

B) A closed circulatory system

22) The part of the heart that pumps blood to the lungs in order to become oxygenated is called ________. A) Left Ventricle B) Right Ventricle C) Left Atrium D) Right Atrium

B) Right Ventricle

8) Because the foods eaten by animals are often composed largely of macromolecules, animals need to have mechanisms for _____. A) demineralization B) enzymatic hydrolysis C) regurgitation D) dehydration synthesis

B) enzymatic hydrolysis

6) Which of the following animals is correctly paired with its feeding mechanism? A) aphid — suspension feeder B)snake — bulk feeder C)baleen whale — fluid feeder D)clam — substrate feeder

B) snake — bulk feeder

30) Cardiac muscle cells are both _____. A) smooth and under voluntary control B) striated and interconnected by intercalated disks C) striated and under voluntary control D) smooth and under involuntary control

B) striated and interconnected by intercalated disks

9) Fat digestion yields fatty acids and glycerol, whereas protein digestion yields amino acids; both digestive processes A) require the presence of hydrochloric acid to lower the pH B) use water molecules when breaking bonds (hydrolysis) C) require adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as an energy source D) are catalyzed by the same enzyme

B) use water molecules when breaking bonds (hydrolysis)

11) A patient with a blood pressure of 120/75, a pulse rate of 70 beats/minute, a stroke volume of 70 mL/beat (milliliters per beat), and a respiratory rate of 25 breaths/minute will have a cardiac output of _____. A) 2,800 mL/minute B) 1,000 mL/minute C) 4,900 mL/minute D) 1,750 mL/minute

C) 4,900 mL/minute

21) Which of the following is not a constiuent of blood plasma? A) Albumin B) Respiratory gases (O 2 or CO 2 ) C) Erythrocytes D) Water

C) Erythrocytes

23) What is the name of the artery or vein that receives deoxygenated blood from the body? A) Aorta B) Pulmonary Vein C) Vena Cava D) Systemic Artery

C) Vena Cava

10) Ingested dietary substances must cross cell membranes to be used by the body. This process is known as _____. A) digestion B) hydrolysis C) absorption D) ingestion

C) absorption

28) If you were to view a sample of animal tissue under a light microscope and notice an extensive extracellular matrix surrounding a tissue, which tissue type would you most suspect? A) nervous B) epithelial C) connective D) striated muscle

C) connective

3) The only vertebrates in which blood flows directly from respiratory organs to body tissues without first returning to the heart are the _____. A) Reptiles B) amphibians C) fishes D) mammals

C) fishes

27) Compared with a smaller cell, a larger cell of the same shape has _____. A) less surface area B) a smaller cytoplasm‐to‐nucleus ratio C) less surface area per unit of volume D) a smaller average distance between its mitochondria and the external source of oxygen

C) less surface area per unit of volume

15) The velocity of blood flow is the lowest in capillaries because _____. A) the diastolic blood pressure is too low to deliver blood to the capillaries at a high flow rate B) the capillaries have internal valves that slow the flow of blood C) the total cross‐sectional area of the capillaries is greater than the total cross‐sectional area of the arteries or any other part of the circulatory system D) the systemic capillaries are supplied by the left ventricle, which has a lower cardiac output than the right ventricle

C) the total cross‐sectional area of the capillaries is greater than the total cross‐sectional area of the arteries or any other part of the circulatory system

34) A human red blood cell in an artery of the left arm is on its way to deliver oxygen to a cell in the thumb. To travel from the artery to the thumb and then back to the left ventricle, this red blood cell must pass through _____. A) three capillary beds B) four capillary beds C) two capillary beds D) one capillary bed

C) two capillary beds

12) Damage to the sinoatrial node in humans _____. A) would block conductance between the bundle branches and the Purkinje fibers B) would have a direct effect on blood pressure monitors in the aorta C) would disrupt the rate and timing of cardiac muscle contractions D) would have a negative effect on peripheral resistance

C) would disrupt the rate and timing of cardiac muscle contractions

1) The circulatory systems of bony fishes ,rays ,and sharks are most similar to_____. A) Those of humans, where there are four pumping chambers to drive blood flow B) Those of birds, with a four‐chambered heart C)Those of sponges, where gas exchange in all cells occurs directly with the external environment. D) The portal systems of mammals, where two capillary beds occur sequentially, without passage of blood through a pumping chamber

D) The portal systems of mammals, where two capillary beds occur sequentially, without passage of blood through a pumping chamber

18) A normal event in the process of blood clotting is the _____. A) production of erythropoietin B) conversion of fibrin to fibrinogen C) synthesis of hemoglobin D) activation of prothrombin to thrombin

D) activation of prothrombin to thrombin

16) A species that has a normal resting systolic blood pressure of greater than 260 mm Hg is likely to be _____. A) an animal that is small and compact, without the need to pump blood very far from the heart B) an animal that makes frequent, quick motions C) a species that has very wide diameter veins D) an animal that has a very long distance between its heart and its brain

D) an animal that has a very long distance between its heart and its brain

26) Much of the coordination of vertebrate body functions via chemical signals is accomplished by the _____. A) excretory system B) integumentary system C) respiratory system D) endocrine system

D) endocrine system

7)The process of obtaining food is known as _____ and requires specialized mouthparts. A) excretion B) absorption C) digestion D) ingestion

D) ingestion

29) Of the following choices, the epithelium with the shortest diffusion distance is _____. A) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium B) stratified squamous epithelium C) simple columnar epithelium D) simple squamous epithelium

D) simple squamous epithelium

19) Which of the following develops the greatest pressure on the blood in the mammalian aorta? A) diastole of the right ventricle B) diastole of the right atrium C) systole of the left atrium D) systole of the left ventricle

D) systole of the left ventricle

14) If a molecule of carbon dioxide released into the blood in your left toe is exhaled from your nose, it must pass through all of the following EXCEPT _____. A) an alveolus B) the right atrium C) the trachea D) the pulmonary vein

D) the pulmonary vein

5)Circulatory systems compensate for _____. A) the need to cushion animals from trauma B) the problem of communication systems involving only the nervous system C) temperature differences between the lungs and the active tissue D) the slow rate at which diffusion occurs over large distances

D) the slow rate at which diffusion occurs over large distances

17) True or False: The parasympathetic division of the nervous system increases the rate at which the heart beats.

False

20) True or False: Each hemoglobin molecule can bind up to 2 oxygen each.

False

24) True or False: Atrial and ventricular diastole always occur at the same time.

False

33) True or False: Most of the bodies capillaries are filled with blood at any one time.

False

35) True or False: Veins have thicker walls than arteries to allow less stretching.

False

13) Atria contract _____. A) during systole B) immediately after systole C) during diastol D) just prior to the beginning of diastole

during systole