Biology 102 Test 3 - Stake
classes of mollusks
polyplacophora and gastropoda
he oldest known fossils of modern humans found in eastern Africa date to
160-195,000 years ago
Humans have been a species for
200,000 years
Chimpanzee and human divergence occurred
6 million years ago
Researchers have studied human genetic relatedness and the distribution of certain traits to infer patterns of human migration. Their studies show that humans who migrated northward from Africa had descendants with _____________.
A greater risk of folate deficiency
Scientists used mitochondrial DNA to investigate patterns of human evolution. Which of the following is a result of this research?
All humans are related to a single female ancestor
Who is Mitochondrial Eve?
An African maternal ancestor of all humanity today
All animals are descended from a(n)
Ancestral protist
The most successful animal group is the....
Anthropod group
Most animals...
Are inverebrates
The first tool users were members of genus
Australopithecus
Which of the groups below contains a species that is not a hominid?
Human, chimpanzee, Homo melanin, Homo erectus
matching: Chordates
Deuterostome
matching: ecinoderms
Deuterostome
T/F: Coelomates have a body cavity between mesoderm and endoderm
False
T/F: Modern humans originated in Western Africa
False
Scientists have found that __________.
Genetic diversity decreased as early humans migrated away from Africa and founded new populations
Which of the following is not something found in the fossil record that has been used by scientists to understand human evolutionary patterns?
Genetic material extracted from a 4.4 million year old fossil of Ardipithecus Ramidus
How do we know mitochondrial Eve is every human's ancestor?
Global comparision of human mitochondrial and nuclear sequences
An example of a cnidarian is a:
Jellyfish
Hominids include
Living and extinct great apes, humans, orangutans, chimpanzees, and gorillas
What fact was used to determine that mitochondrial Eve is every human's ancestor?
Only females pass on mitochondrial genes in the egg cell
Scientists rely on evidence from the fossil record to determine how and when events in human evolution occurred. Which of these major milestones in human evolution is not correctly dated?
The most recent common ancestor of chimpanzees and humans was Ardipithecus Ramidus, which lived 4.4 million years ago
skin color is determined Mitochondrial Eve can be traced back to by the amount of ______ a person has in their skin.
Melanin
Scientists use genetics to trace the evolution and migration of humans. How do scientists know which populations are older than others?
Members of older populations have more genetic variability
Which of the following statements about mitochondrial Eve is TRUE?
Mitochondrial eve lived about 200,000 years ago
A clam is an example of a(n)
Mollusk
Put the following animal adaptations in order from earliest to most recent adaptation:
No symmetry -> radial Symmetry -> bilateral Symmetry -> backbone
matching: Arthropods
Protostome
matching: Mollusk
Protostome
matching: Platyhelminathes
Protostome
Scientists have studied patterns of mitochondrial DNA to determine where humans first evolved and how they spread. Humans inherit their mitochondrial genes only from their mothers. Why aren't a father's mitochondrial genes passed to his offspring?
Sperm do not contribute their mitochondria to the zygote
the fossil remains of Ardipithecus Ramidus showed that _______________.
The ability to walk upright preceded the evolution of a larger brain
phylum echinodermata
origins unicellular; can regenerate; sea stars, sea cucumbers
T/F: Parazoans have no definite symmetry
True
T/F: Protostomes develop the mouth first from or near the blastopore
True
A person's skin tone is not caused by __________.
Whether or not the person is related to the "mitochondrial eve" or the last common female ancestor
Variations of human skin tone is driven by...
all of the above
the most successful animal group is the
arthropod group
Bilateral acoelomates
bilateral symmetry; body cavity
coelomates have
body cavity formed from mesoderm
Psuedocoelomates have
body cavity in between
Mitochondrial Eve can be traced back to?
eastern Africa; 120-200,000 years ago
types of Dueterostomes
echinoderm and chordata
phylum nematode
everywhere; bilaterally; can cause disease; microscopic
T/F: A true coelom is formed from endodermal cells
false
phylum anthropoda
insects, crustaceans, most diverse group; most successful animals; segmentation: head, thorax, abdomen
mammals are the ______
lowest number of species among vertebrates classes
a true coelom is formed from ______ cells
mesodermal
phylum cnidaria
most marine, few fresh water species; diploblastic; no organs; single opening
phylum chordate
nearest ancestors are echinoderms; fish, amphibians, mammals, reptiles, birds; post anal tails; sharks, amphibians
Aceolomates have
no body cavity
phylum aceolomorpha
no body cavity; like flatworms; primitive systems that resemble humans; most are hermaphrodidic; can reproduce asexually and sexually
Jellyfish and sponges are neither
protostome or deuterostome
What have a body cavity between mesoderm and endoderm
psuedocoelomates
mollusk
second in diversity; evolved in oceans, can be invasive
phylum annelida
segmented worms; moves by muscle contractions; earth worm
The chordate group includes these animals
vertebrates