Biology 104 Exam 4
Name some characteristics of sub-phylum Chelicerata
1) 6 pair of appendages - chelicerae, pedipalps, 4 pairs of legs 2) Cephalothorax and abdominal segments 3) No antennae
What are the classes beneath Phylum Echinodermata?
1) Class Asteroidea (sea stars) 2) Class Ophiuroidea (brittle stars and basket stars) 3) Class Echinoidea (sea urchins and sand dollars) 4) Class Holothurodia (sea cucumbers) 5) Class Crinoidea (sea lilies and feather stars)
What are the two classes under sub-phylum Myriopoda?
1) Class Chicopoda (centipedes) 2) Class Diplopoda (millipedes)
What are the two classes under sub-phylum Chelicerata?
1) Class merostoma (horseshoe crab 2) Class Arachnida (spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites)
Name some characteristics of sub-phylum Hexapoda
1) Head, thorax, and abdomen 2) Six legs 3) One pair of antennae 4) One or more pairs of wings 5) Tracheal system 6) Malpigian tubules 7) Complete and incomplete metamorphosis
Describe the three types of body segmentation in Arthropods
1) Head, thorax, and abdomen (insects and some crustaceans) 2) Cephalothorax and abdomen (Chelicerates and some crustaceans) 3) Head and multiple trunk segments (centipedes and millipedes
What are some characteristics of Lumbricus (Earthworm)?
1) Live in and eat soil 2) 5 pairs of aortic arches 3) Monecious 4) Clitellum produces cocoon and fertilizes eggs
Name some characteristics of sub-phylum Myriopoda
1) Mandibles for mouth parts 2) Multiple trunk parts (segments) 3) Tracheal system 4) Malipigean tubules
Name some characteristics of Echinoderms
1) Marine 2) Pentaradial symmetry 3) Decendents of a bilateral ancestor 4) Endoskeleton made of limestone 5) Water vascular system *unique feature* 6) No circulatory or excratory systems
Name some characteristics of Phylum Arthropoda
1) Most diverse phylum 2) Body segmentation but more specialized than Annelids 3) Joined appendages 4) Exoskeleton made of chitin, proteins, and limestone that requires molting 5) Open circulatory systems 6) Fused ganglia form brain
Name the sub-Phylums in Phylum Arthropoda
1) Myriopoda = centipedes and millipedes 2) Hexapoda = insects 3) Crustacea = crustaceans 4) Chelicerata = chelicerates
Name some characteristics of Class Ophiuroidea (brittle and basket stars)
1) No dermal gills, pedicellariae, or anus 2) Incomplete digestive system 3) Covered ambullacra 4) Arms used for locomotion instead of tube feet
Name some characteristics of Class Asteroidea (sea stars)
1) Pair of gonads in each arm 2) Can reproduce both asexually (cloning) and sexually (dioecious, larval stage) 3) Two stomachs - cardial and pyloric
Name some characteristics of Class Oligochaeta (Oligochetes)
1) Poorly defined heads with no eye spots, tentacles, or palps 2) Lack parapodia 3) Few setae 4) Breathe through the skin 5) Tend to be hemaphrodites but some are dioecious
Name some characteristics of Class Hirudenia (Leeches)
1) Produce hirudin, an anti-coagulate produced in the salivary glands 2) Lack well developed head 3) No parapodia 4) No chitinous bristles (setae) 5) Breathe through skin 6) Many with open circulatory systems
What are some characteristics of Annelida (Segmented worms)?
1) Segmented body 2) Bilateral and coelomate 3) Most have closed circulatory systems 4) Respiration via gills or skin 5) Dorsal blood vessel functions as heart
Name some characteristics of Class Holothurodea (sea cucumber)
1) Soft and fleshy with muscular body wall 2) Elongated along oral/aboral axis 3) Buccal tentacles are modified tube feet 4) Madreporite is internal 5) Coelom functions as hydrostatic skeleton
Name some characteristics of Class Echinoidea (Sea urchins and sand dollars)
1) Spines used for locomotion 2) Sand dollars are secondary bilateral
Name some characteristics of Class Arachnida
1) Tracheal system for respiration 2) Book lungs in some species 3) Malpigian tubules for excretion 4) Spiders have silk glands
Name some characteristics of Class Polychaeta (Bristle worms)
1) Well developed head with eyespots, tentacles, and palps 2) Chitonous bristles called setae 3) Dioecious (male and females) 4) Trochophore larva
Name some characteristics of sub-phylum Crustacea
1) head, thorax, and abdomen 2) Two pair of antennae 3) Gills for respiration and excretion 4) Biramous appendages 5) Mandibles for mouth parts 6) Dioecious; larval stage called nauplius larva
What is the sole of a Holothurodea (sea cucumber) made of?
3-5 ambullacrum
What is the madreporite?
Allows water into the body of an echinoderm for water vascular system
What is the muscle on the tube feet called?
Ampulla muscle
What is hirudin?
Anti-coagulate produced in the saliva of Class Hirudenia (leeches)
What is the common name for Order Hymenoptera?
Ants, wasps, and bees
What does the phylum Arthropoda consist of?
Arthropods
Which of the following is /not/ a shared derived character of echinoderms? A) Water vascular system B) Notochord C) Tube feet D) Pentaradial symmetry in adult E) Endoskeleton of calcium carbonate plates and spines
B) Notochord
Which of the following is /not/ a characteristic of arthropods? A) Exoskeleton B) Pseudocoelom C) Paired, jointed appendages D) Chitin E) Segmentation
B) Pseudocoloem
What animal's adult stage lives in limestone shell, are suspension feeders, and remain sessile?
Barnacles
What is the common name for Class Cirripedia?
Barnacles
What is the common name for Order Coleoptera?
Beetles
What does cutaneous respiration mean?
Breathing through the skin
What is the common name for Class Ophiuroidea?
Brittle stars and basket stars
What is the common name for Order Lepidoptera?
Butterflies and moths
What is the common name for Class Chicopoda?
Centipede
What sub-phylum in Phylum Arthropoda has no antennae?
Chelicerata
What are setae?
Chitonous bristles located on bristle worm segments
What are ganglia?
Clusters of nerves considered the "brain" in some animals
What is the difference between complete and incomplete metamorphosis?
Complete has egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages Incomplete has egg, nymph, and adult stages
What is considered the most abundant animal on earth?
Copepods
What is the common name for Copepoda?
Copepods
What sub-phylum in Phylum Arthropoda has two pair of antennae?
Crustacea
What are septa?
Divisions between segments in segmented worms (Annelida)
Which of the following is characteristic of insects? A) Biramous appendages B) Two pairs of antennae C) Chelicerae D) Eight legs E) Mandibles
E) Mandibles
What is the common name for Phylum Echinodermata?
Echinoderms
The correct sequence of complete metamorphosis of an insect is what?
Egg -> larva -> pupa -> adult
What is a parapodia?
Fleshy lobes located on segments of bristle worms (Class Polychaeta)
What is the common name for Order Diptera?
Flies and mosquitos
What are trochophore larva?
Free-swimming, top shaped larva with two bands of cilia around the middle
What is the common name for Class Merostoma?
Horseshoe crab
What are ambullacrum?
House the tube feet on Echinoderms
What is the common name for Class Malacostraca?
Isopoda - Isopods Amphipoda - Amphipods Decapoda - Decapods
What are pedicellariae?
Keep debris off body, deter predators, and capture food
What is the common name for Class Hirudenia?
Leeches
Give an example of a Oligochaeta?
Lumbricus or "Earthworm"
What is the common name for Class Diplopoda?
Millipedes
What is a cheliped?
Modified first leg into a claw
What two sub-Phylums in Phylum Arthropoda have one pair of atennae?
Myriopoda and Hexapoda
Which three sub-phylums in Phylum Arthropoda have mandibles and which has chelicerae?
Myriopoda, Hexapoda, Crustacea have mandibles Chelicerata have chelicerae
What is the common name for Class Oligochaeta?
Oligochetes
The process that maintains homeostasis of body fluids by keeping them from becoming too dilute or too concentrated is called?
Osmoregulation
What is the common name for Class Polychaeta?
Polycheats or bristle worms
What does the pyloric caecum do?
Produces digestive enzymes
What is the common name for Class Holothurodea?
Sea cucumber
What is the common name for Class Crinoidea?
Sea lilies and featherstars
What is the difference between a sea lily and featherstar?
Sea lily is sessile for entirety of life Featherstars are sessile for part of life
What is the common name for Class Asteroidea?
Sea stars
What is the common name for Class Echinoidea?
Sea urchins and sand dollars
What does the phylum Annelida consist of?
Segemented worms
What are some common names for Order Decapoda?
Shrimp, lobster, crab
What are malpigian tubules?
Small tubes in the body of an Arachinda used for excretion
What is the common name for Class Arachnida?
Spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites
What is the clitellum?
The center bulge located on a Lumbricus (earthworm) that produces the cocoon and fertilizes eggs
What are ommatidia?
The individual parts/facets of a compound eye
What is Aristotle's latern?
The jaws located on sea urchins that resemble the shape of an old oil latern
Why must Echinoderms live in saltwater?
They have no osmoregulation
What is the common name for Class Branchiopoda?
Water Fleas
What is unique to Phylum Echinodermata?
Water vascular system
