Biology 111 Dr. Cooper Harding University Ch.16
37. Which group of plants lack true leaves and roots? A. liverworts, hornworts, and mosses B. ferns, club mosses, horsetails, and whisk ferns C. ginkgo, cycads, conifers, and gnetophytes D. monocots and eudicots E. All plants lack true leaves and roots.
A.
4. In plants, A. the diploid zygote develops into the sporophyte. B. the haploid zygote develops into the sporophyte. C. the haploid gametophyte develops into the sporophyte. D. the diploid zygote develops into the gametophyte. E. the haploid gametophyte produces gametes by meiosis.
A.
6. The parts of the plant that conduct water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves are the A. xylem. B. stomata. C. roots. D. phloem. E. cuticle.
A.
10. The two types of vascular tissue in most plants are A. lignin and xylem. B. xylem and phloem. C. lignin and phloem. D. xylem and stomata. E. stomata and lignin.
B.
19. In alternation of generations, a haploid gametophyte goes through mitosis to form a ____ gamete. A. haploid B. diploid C. tetraploid D. uniploid E. No gametes are formed - this occurs in meiosis, not mitosis
B.
2. What part of plant cells contains chlorophyll a and carries out photosynthesis? A. mitochondrion B. chloroplast C. central vacuole D. cell membrane E. Golgi body
B.
25. Which of the following is not a member of the gymnosperms? A. conifers B. ferns C. gnetophytes D. cycads E. ginkgos
B.
26. The term "gymnosperm" literally means A. "clothed ovule." B. "naked seed." C. "naked ovule." D. "clothed seed." E. "clothed sperm."
B.
30. What is the advantage of producing a seed over a spore? A. Seeds are diploid, and can grow directly into a sporophyte. B. Seeds are haploid, and can grow directly into a sporophyte. C. Seeds are diploid, and can grow directly into a gametophyte. D. Seeds are haploid, and can grow directly into a gametophyte. E. Producing seeds over spores is a disadvantage.
B.
38. Bryophytes lack vascular tissue and lignin and therefore cannot A. sexually reproduce. B. grow tall. C. asexually reproduce. D. produce a gametophyte stage. E. produce a sporophyte stage.
B.
39. Which group of plants have phloem and xylem but lack seeds, flowers, and fruit? A. liverworts, hornworts, and mosses B. ferns, club mosses, horsetails, and whisk ferns C. ginkgo, cycads, conifers, and gnetophytes D. monocots and eudicots E. All plants have phloem and xylem but lack seeds, flowers, and fruit.
B.
15. What advantage do ferns have over bryophytes? A. Ferns photosynthesize. B. Ferns are heterotrophs. C. Ferns have a vascular system, which allow them to grow taller. D. Ferns do not require water to reproduce. E. Ferns have alternation of generations.
C.
18. In alternation of generations, a diploid sporophyte goes through meiosis to form ____ spores. A. diploid B. tetraploid C. haploid D. uniploid E. no spores (This occurs in mitosis, not meiosis.)
C.
32. The two groups of angiosperms are A. mosses and club mosses. B. ginkgos and cycads. C. monocots and eudicots. D. horsetails and ferns. E. conifers and gnetophytes.
C.
33. The fruits of plants primarily function in A. providing food for animals. B. seed protection. C. both protecting and dispersing seeds. D. seed dispersal. E. both feeding animals and protecting seeds.
C.
9. ______ transport sugars produced by photosynthesis to the non-green parts of the plant. A. Stomata B. Roots C. Phloem D. Xylem E. Cuticle
C.
1. With few exceptions, which of the following is not a characteristic of plants? A. They are multicellular organisms. B. They are autotrophs. C. They are eukaryotes. D. They are heterotrophs. E. They carry out photosynthesis.
D.
14. Gymnosperms and angiosperms have ______ allowing them to live and reproduce in drier habitats than bryophytes and seedless vascular plants. A. spores B. seeds, spores, and fronds C. vascular tissue, spores, and fronds D. pollen grains and seeds E. fruit and flowers
D.
12. In dry weather, plants reduce water loss by closing their A. stomata. B. cuticle. C. cell membranes. D. vascular tissues. E. All answers are correct.
A.
16. What advantage do gymnosperms have over ferns? A. Gymnosperms produce pollen and do not require water to reproduce. B. Gymnosperms have alternation of generations. C. Gymnosperms have a vascular system, which allows them to grow taller. D. Gymnosperms can grow larger gametophytes. E. Gymnosperms can produce flowers and fruits to aid in seed dispersal.
A.
17. What advantage do angiosperms have over gymnosperms? A. Angiosperms can produce flowers and fruits to aid in seed dispersal. B. Angiosperms produce pollen and do not require water to reproduce. C. Angiosperms have alternation of generations. D. Angiosperms have a vascular system, which allows them to grow taller. E. Angiosperms can produce spores, which are more stable than seeds from gymnosperms.
A.
29. Flowers and fruits are unique to A. angiosperms. B. bryophytes. C. gymnosperms. D. conifers. E. cycads.
A.
31. A cotyledon is A. the first leaf structure to arise in the embryo of an angiosperm. B. a spore-like structure used for reproduction in plants. C. the fruit produced by flowers of angiosperms. D. a tissue fragment of tissue used for reproduction in bryophytes. E. the zygote formed in ferns from the union of two gametes.
A.
34. The structure of the angiosperm that supplies nutrients to the germinating seedling is the A. endosperm. B. fruit. C. seed coat. D. spore coat. E. pollen grain.
A.
36. Which of the following is NOT a way plants affect life on Earth? A. Top of food webs B. Habitat for microscopic and macroscopic organisms C. Fuel source directly as nutrition and indirectly as wood and coal D. Prevent erosion of landscape by rooting into soil and other substrates E. Provide oxygen that forms the ozone layer
A.
40. Seedless vascular plants can ______ without water, but cannot ______ without water. A. reproduce asexually; reproduce sexually B. reproduce sexually; reproduce asexually C. grow; reproduce D. utilize phloem; utilize xylem E. utilize xylem; utilize phloem
A.
42. The cones of gymnosperms play the same role as ______ in angiosperms. A. flowers B. seeds C. leaves D. fruit E. roots
A.
20. In alternation of generations, two haploid gametes fuse in fertilization to form a ____ zygote. A. haploid B. diploid C. tetraploid D. No zygote is formed (Spores are formed instead). E. uniploid
B.
5. The parts of the plant that absorb water and minerals are the A. stomata. B. roots. C. flowers. D. pollen. E. cuticle.
B.
7. The parts of the plant that allow for gas exchange are the A. roots. B. stomata. C. xylem. D. phloem. E. cuticle.
B.
28. Cycads are A. trees that produce flowers. B. bryophytes. C. trees that produce large cones. D. algae. E. ferns.
C.
23. Mosses are an example of which of the following? A. autotrophs B. primary consumers C. detritovores D. decomposers E. heterotrophs
D.
3. In flowering plants, the gametophyte is ______ the sporophyte. A. larger than B. the same size as C. located on a separate plant from D. much smaller than E. absent and the entire plant is composed of
D.
41. Which group of plants have phloem and xylem, seeds, flowers, and fruit and in many cases require animals for reproduction? A. liverworts, hornworts, and mosses B. ferns, club mosses, horsetails, and whisk ferns C. ginkgo, cycads, conifers, and gnetophytes D. monocots and eudicots E. All plants
D.
11. The substance that strengthens and supports cell walls, allowing plants to grow tall and upright is A. sporophyte. B. gametophyte. C. chlorophyll. D. stomata. E. lignin.
E.
13. Evidence that algae are the closest relatives to plants is that they both A. have chloroplasts. B. contain chlorophyll a. C. have cellulose-rich cell walls. D. use starch as a nutrient reserve. E. All answers are correct.
E.
21. In angiosperms, pollen must complete mitosis to produce gametes. Therefore pollen are which of the following? A. sporophytes B. eggs C. seeds D. sperm E. gametophytes
E.
22. Many fern gametophytes are hermaphrodites, meaning they can produce both sperm and egg. Why is this necessary for a fern, but not for an angiosperm? A. If one seed colonizes a new habitat, reproduction can occur in later stages. B. The gametophyte can produce multiple types of spores. C. The gametophyte can produce multiple types of seeds. D. If one spore colonizes a new habitat, reproduction can occur in later stages. E. Angiosperm gametes are diploid.
E.
24. A plant embryo (young sporophyte) packaged with a food supply in a tough outer coat is a A. flower. B. pollen grain. C. seed. D. sperm. E. fruit.
E.
27. The four phyla of the gymnosperms are A. monocotyledons, dicotyledons, conifers, and cycads. B. horsetails, true ferns, whisk ferns, and club mosses. C. conifers, monocotyledons, dicotyledons, and cycads. D. mosses, liverworts, club mosses, and hornworts. E. conifers, cycads, ginkgos, and gnetophytes.
E.
35. How have plants transformed the world? A. Food source for many animals, fungi, and even some prokaryotes and protists B. Habitat for breeding, rearing young, and escaping predators C. Photosynthesis provides oxygen for aerobic respiration to make ATP D. Fibers for clothing and paper E. All answers are correct.
E.
43. What is the purpose of flowers? A. to attract pollinators B. to support gamete production C. to capture wind-blown pollen D. to protect reproductive structures E. All answers are correct.
E.
8. ______ is/are a waxy coating that minimizes water loss from leaves of the plant. A. Stomata B. Roots C. Xylem D. Phloem E. Cuticle
E.