Biology 221E Biomes (49.3, 49.4, 49.5)

Types of aquatic biomes:

Freshwater biomes -Lakes -Ponds -Rivers -Streams -Wetlands (bogs, marshes, swamps) Freshwater/Marine biome -Estuaries Marine biomes -Ocean (intertidal zone, coral reef, open ocean) -Wetlands (marshes)

Which biome has ideal conditions for growing crops?

Grasslands

Does the North Pole have a lot of precipitation?

No, due to predominantly sinking air.

What areas have the lowest mean annual precipitation? Why?

The low mean annual precipitation is near 30°N and 30°S (near the poles), due to the Hadley Cell.

Areas at 30º north and south latitude are most likely to be subjected to _____. A. Rising air currents and desert conditions B. Falling air currents and desert conditions C. Rising air currents and high levels of precipitation D. Falling air currents and high levels of precipitation

B. Falling air currents and desert conditions

Which freshwater environment is characterized by low pH, lack of nutrients, and anoxic conditions, making it relatively unproductive?

Bog

Climate Questions What causes seasonality on Earth? A. Earth's distance from the Sun changes as it moves around the Sun B. Earth's spherical shape C. Earth is tilted on its axis by 23.5 degrees D. The tropics receive the most solar radiation

C. The earth is tilted on it's axis by 23.5 degrees

1. Which of the following statements about global air circulation cells is correct? a. Cool air rises and absorbs moisture. b. Cool air sinks and loses moisture. c. Warm air rises and loses moisture. d. Warm air sinks and absorbs moisture.

C. Warm air rises and loses moisture

Spring and fall lake turnovers occur in response to

Changes in air temperature

Why are the tropics warm and the poles cold?

Earth's spherical shape dictates that regions at or near the equator receive more sunlight per unit area than regions that are closer to the poles, due to the angle at which the solar radiation hits Earth.

locations about 30° latitude north and south of the equator are among the driest on the planet, due to the....

Major cycle in global air circulation called a Hadley Cell. Hadley cells are responsible for making the Amazon River basin wet and the Sahara dry.

What are the effects of the ocean on climate?

Oceans have a moderating influence on temperature due to the high specific heat of water. Absorb heat in summer - cooler near the ocean Release heat in winter - warmer near the ocean

Salinity:

Proportion of solutes in water determines its salinity Salinity affects osmosis and water balance so is a major determinant of the distribution of organism in aquatic biomes 97.5% of the Earth's water is salt water in the ocean ~2% of freshwater is in ice caps and glaciers

Terrestrial Biomes

Regions characterized by distinct abiotic characteristics and dominant types of vegetation

Why are the tropics much wetter than regions near 30 degrees latitude north and south?

Regions with rising air, such as those at the equator, tend to be wetter than regions with descending air.

What abiotic factors distinguish aquatic biomes?

Salinity Water depth and light availability Water flow Nutrient availability

Which abiotic factor would have the most significant acute physiological effect on migrating salmon as they move from saltwater to freshwater?

Salinity differences

Describe the Hadley Cell

Solar radiation heads the land surface and the atmosphere above it. As the air warms, it expands and rises from the surface around the equator. The rising warm air radiates heat to space and cools, and as the air cools the moisture condenses into clouds and precipitates as rain or snow. This pattern of condensation creates a band of wet climate along the equator. As more warm air rises from the surface, air at the top of the atmosphere is pushed poleward, and cools, and becomes dense enough to sink. As it sinks it absorbs more solar radiation from the earth's surface and begins to warm, at about 30 degrees N and S latitude.

What abiotic features distinguish terrestrial biomes?

Temperature, moisture, sunlight, wind

What area has the highest mean annual precipitation? Why?

The highest mean annual precipitation is near the equator, due to warm air rising and cooling, dropping rain

Which side of a mountain range has the highest mean annual precipitation? Why?

The west side where the rain falls due to the moisture-laden air from the ocean.

types of terrestrial biomes

Tropical grassland, flooded grassland, Mediterranean forest, tropical dry forest, monante grassland, mangrove, temperate coniferous forest, tropical coniferous forest, arctic tundra, boreal forest, temperate forest, temperate grassland, subtropical desert, tropical wet forest

Which biome is the most productive?

Tropical wet forest

What is the difference between weather and climate?

Weather consists of the specific short-term atmospheric conditions of temperature, precipitation, sunlight, and wind. Climate—the prevailing, long-term weather conditions found in an area—occurs in relatively predictable global patterns.

Which lake zone does not receive sunlight?

aphotic zone

4. Fertile soils and frequent fire are characteristics of which terrestrial biome? a. Boreal forest b. Subtropical desert c. Temperate forest d. Temperate grassland e. Tropical wet forest f. Tundra

d. Temperate grassland

Be able to match precipitation and temperature graphs with biomes.

https://etext.pearson.com/eps/pearson-reader/api/item/98564149-b0f0-48d8-9045-1de457abe5a2/1/file/freeman-bs-7e-etext_etext_v5/OPS/images/6783249025_WGT.png

The specific abiotic factors defining a biome are ________. I. annual variation in temperature and precipitation II. average annual temperature and moisture levels III. maximum annual temperature and moisture levels IV. maximum annual temperatures, moisture levels, and average annual temperature

only I and II

Which of the following statements regarding altitude and climate are TRUE? I. Species composition on different sides of a mountain range are often different from each other. II. Rain shadows may appear on one side of a mountain range. III. The higher the altitude, the warmer the climate. IV. Both sides of a mountain range generally receive equal amounts of precipitation.

only I and II

Hadley cells explain why _____.

the tropics are much wetter than other regions

What is the Coriolis Effect?

the way Earth's rotation makes winds curve: The spinning of the Earth on it's axis causes a Coriolis effect, the tendency for moving air or water to be deflected from a straight path. Air and water move in a clockwise pattern in the Northern hemisphere and in a counterclockwise pattern in the Southern hemisphere.