Biology 《6》《2》Fungi

The name of the fruiting body for all sac fungi is

ascus

sporangiaphore

Stalk - like structures of mycelia which supports the sporangium of species of the phylum Zygomycota.

Penicillin chrysogenum is considered important becuase it is the first...discovered.

antibiotic

fruiting bodies

spore - producing reproductive structures of fungi

This term refers to the structure in which spores are produced.

sporangium

ascus

spore - bearing structure or fruiting body of fungi of the kingdom Ascomycota; sac - shaped.

gills 🍄

spore - producing reproductive structures of a mushroom, typically found on the underside of the cap

Long hyphae that act as anchors to a surface are called what?

stolon

ring

structure found on some mushrooms around the stalk, which structure is left over from a protective covering that was present when the mushroom was first developing.

lichens🌳

symbiotic structures between a fungi and an alga or a fungi and a cyanobacteria

The process of budding can be defined as:

the reproduction of new organisms by pinching off a portion of the parent cell

Fungi are grouped into club fungi or sac fungi according to what?

the shape of their spore - producing structures. so Sac fungi look like sacks, or an empty orange. Club fungi look like regular mushrooms with a cap on top.

morels

multicellular species of the phylum Ascomycota which are also known as sponge mushrooms, although they are not true mushrooms

symbiosis

mutually beneficial relationship two between species, for example, lichens.

stolon

mycelia of species of the phylum Zygomycota which acts as anchors amd connect the sprongiophores of a mold structure

rhizoids

mycelia responsible for obtaining food from the non - living organic matter on which a fungus is growing.

Parasite

An organism that grows, feeds, and is sheltered on or in a organism while contributing nothing to the survival of its host.

Zygomycota

Phylum (or division) or fungi commonly known as mold Zygos - "joining" or "a yoke" reffering to the fusion of two hyphal strands which produce these spores

Chytridiomycota

phylum of aquatic fungi commonly called chytrids, characterized by flagellated reproductive cells. chytridion meaning - little pot

Without spores, fungi could not what?

reproduce

Zygospore

reproductive cell containing genetic material from each parent organism, able to grow into a complete new mold structure

budding

Asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from a portion of the parent cell that has pinched off

mycelium

a mass of hyphae which form a visible structure and perform a specific function in a fungus

Morels are commonly found growing on damp forest floors.

true

Symbiosis is defined as a.... relationship between 2 different species.

win - win

spores

Reproductive cells often covered with a protective coating

multicellular fungi are composed of thread - like structures called.

hyphae

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is important to the food industry in what way?

it causes bread to rise

Fungi are classified as saprophytes when they exhibit which characteristic?

obtain food from non - living organic material.

An organism which list directly on or in another organism without providing any benefits to its host is called a what?

parasite

Ascomycota

phylum (or division) of fungi commonly known as "sac fungi" which includes morels and yeast.

Basidiomycota

phylum (or division) of fungibcommonly known asv"club fungi," which includes mushrooms, toadstools, puffballs, bracket fungi, rusts, and smuts

Select the phyla of fungi you be studying in this section.

1. Chytridiomycota. Chy - tridiom - mycota 2. Zygomycota Zy - go - my - cota 3. Basidiomycota basi - diom - mycota little pedestal- basidium/basidion base, basis - Greek 4. Ascomycota Ascom - my - cota ascus - askos - meaning "sac" or "wineskin"

Select the reasons why fungi are no longer classified as plants.

1. Fungi do not exhibit tissue differentiation. 2. Fungi do not produce their own food. 3. Fungi cell walls are composed of chitin.

What are the common organisms which are part of the phylum Ascomycota?

1. yeast 2. morels

Phylum

Level of taxon below kingdom, also called division in the plant and plant- like kingdoms

Chitin🕷

Main molecular component of the cell wall of fungi and the exoskeleton of some animals

cap

Mushrooms' fruiting body semi; the umbrella - shaped top of a mushroom

How do rhizoids help fungi to obtain food?

They produce enzymes which break down organic molecules into a usable form.

Which of the following best describes the structure of sporangiophore?

Tiny stalk - like structures which support the sporangium

yeast

Various unicellular fungi that are capable of reproducing by budding and from ascospores and are able to ferment their own carbohydrates

club fungi

common name basidiomycetes, characterized by club - shaped fruiting bodies has a cap. The other is inverted.

sac fungi

common name of the species of the phylum Ascomycota, characterized by sac - shaped fruiting bodies

The breaking down of complex molecules into simpler molecules which cells can use for food is called what?

fermentation

hypha

(plural: hyphae) a thread - like filament of the molds

saprophyte

A plant that lives on decaying organic matter, examples of which include mushrooms, molds, mildew, bacteria, rusts, and smuts

Sporangium

A sac - like structures which holds the spores

fermentation

Breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones by a living organism

The wide - spread destruction of elm trees in the US was caused by what?

Ceratocystis ulmi Cerato meaning "horn - like part" or Ophiostoma ulmi Ophios means "snake" it actually looks like little snakes. Oma being - growth Dutch Elm disease

host

Organism in or on which a parasite lives

Zygosporangium

Sexual reproductive structures formed where two hypha of mold contact each other

stalk

Stem - like structures of a mushroom which supports the cap and gills

Most species of the Kingdom zygomycota are called

Terrestrial saprophytes

When hyphae from 2 fungi come in contact, a structure called a zygosporangium forms at the point where the hyphae touch. Inside this structure, the genetic material from each organism combines to form a zygospore. New complete organisms with a combination of the parental genetics can be formed from a single zygospore.

The Sexual Reproduction Cycle for Zygomycetes