Biology Ch. 10.2

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Most - have only one circular strand of DNA.

prokaryotes

Chromosomes in a Prokaryotic Cell:

single, circular strand of DNA

What happens during interphase?

the cell grows, copies its DNA, and prepares for cell division

How does cytokinesis happen in an animal cell?

the cell membrane draws in and pinches off

When do chromosomes make the precise division of DNA?

during cell division

What phase of Mitosis: The chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.

Metaphase

The four stages of Mitosis:

1. Prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. Telophase

Process of prokaryotic cell cycle:

1. cell grows 2. duplicates its DNA 3. divides by pinching the cell membrane

Process of Interphase:

1. cell grows 2. the cell replicates its DNA 3. the cell produces organelles and materials for division

Process of Eukaryotic cell cycle?

1. cell grows 2. the cell replicates its DNA 3. the cell produces organelles and materials for division 4. the cell divides in two stages- mitosis and cytokinesis

The phases of Interphase...cycle?

1. M phase 2. G1 Phase 3. S phase 4. G2 phase

How do cells divide?

Prokaryotic cells divide by binary fission. Eukaryotic cells divide by a process that includes mitosis, division of the nucleus, and cytokinesis, division of the cytoplasm.

Chromosomes in Eukaryotic Cell:

highly organized structures

The beadlike structures formed by DNA wrapped around - molecules are called nucleosomes.

histone

The first 3 stages of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

interphase

What phase of Mitosis: The chromosomes separate and begin to move to opposite sides of the cell.

Anaphase

sister chromatids seperate and move toward the centrioles

Anaphase

What is the name of the cell division that occurs in the prokaryotic cell cycle?

Binary Fission

When DNA winds around histone proteins

Chromatin

- make possible the precise separation of DNA during cell division.

Chromosomes

what makes the precise division of DNA during cell division possible?

Chromosomes

Chromatin is

DNA wrapped around histone proteins

During prophase, when cell chromosomes become visible, what are the duplicated strands of DNA called? What is the name for the area in which these duplicated strands are joined?

Duplicated strands of chromosomal DNA are called chromatids, and they are joined by a centromere.

In eukaryotic cells, what happens in the G1 phase that differs from the G2 phase?

In the G1 phase, the cell grows. In the G2 phase, the cell gets ready for mitosis.

the duplicated chromosomes line up and spindle fibers connect to the centromes

Metaphase

the division of the nucleus

Mitosis

The eukaryotic cell divides in what two ways?

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

In eukaryotic cells, what are the two main phases of cell division?

Mitosis and cytokinesis

What phase of Mitosis: The chromosomes become visible. The centrioles take up positions on opposite sides of the nucleus.

Prophase

a cell's genetic material condenses, a spindle starts to form, and the nuclear envelope breaks down

Prophase

What phase of Mitosis: A nuclear envelope re-forms around each cluster of chromosomes. The nucleolus becomes visible in each daughter nucleus.

Telophase

the chromosomes begin begin to unwind and a nuclear envelope reforms

Telophase

What is cytokinesis??

The final step of cell division. It completes the M phase of the cell cycle by dividing the cytoplasm of the original cell between the two new cells.

What structures are spindle fibers attached to that help pull the paired chromosomes apart?

The spindle fibers are attached to centrioles toward the poles of the cell, pulling the chromatids apart.

During certain stages of their life cycle, some cells repeatedly undergo mitosis but do not undergo cytokinesis. What would you expect to see if you looked at such cells, or a tissue made up of such cells, under a microscope? Explain your answer.

Under microscopic examination, a tissue whose cells complete all parts of the cell cycle except cytokinesis would appear to be made up of a mass of cytoplasm with many nuclei scattered in it.

How does cytokinesis happen in a plant cell?

a cell plate forms, followed by a new cell membrane, and finally a new cell wall forms

Chromosomes hold what?

a cell's genetic information

the series of events in the growth and division of a cell

cell cycle

In metaphase spindle fibers connect to what?

centromes

In eukaryotic cells, the genetic structure consists of DNA and a tightly wound protein, which together form a substance called -.

chromatin

Cells carry genetic information in packages of DNA called

chromosomes

Packages of DNA

chromosomes

the division of the cytoplasm

cytokinesis

Does division of the cytoplasm differ in animals and plants?

yes


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