Biology ch 17 H

Name the seven levels of organization in Linnaean taxonomy, from the most general to the most specific.

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

evolutionary relationships

Modern classification is based on _____ .

cladogram

This branching diagram is called a _____.

8

Ursidae contains all bear species. The data below show the number of species in each of the genera of this family. How many species belong to family Ursidae?

50%

Ursidae contains all bear species. The data below show the number of species in each of the genera of this family. The genus Ursus represents ____% of the total number of bear species in family Ursidae.

3

Use the cladogram, which classifies species A, B, C, and D, to answer. How many clades are represented in this cladogram?

openings in the side of the skull skull openings in the front of the eye and in the jaw feathers and toothless beaks

Use the cladogram, which classifies species A, B, C, and D, to answer. What represents the derived characters that were used to construct this cladogram?

tRNA

What distinguishes the three domains in the tree of life from one another?

They share the derived character represented by the hash mark.

What is true about the organisms that branch off after a hash mark on a cladogram?

binomial nomenclature

What would you put in oval A of this concept map?

genus species

What would you put in oval C of this concept map?

tiger

Which animal would you expect to be classified in the same genus as a lion?

taxons

Which of the following is not a feature of a cladogram? nodes derived characters clades taxons

Acer rubrum

Which of the following is the correctly written scientific name for a red maple tree?

6

Within the domains are a total of ____ kingdoms.

Physical or Structural characteristics

The Linnaean system of classification groups organisms based on shared ______ characteristics. What is the basis of Linnaean taxonomy?

Taxon

The Linnaean system of classification groups organisms into a nested hierarchy of ____. (Not levels, enter the technical term.)

7

The Linnaean system of classification groups organisms into a nested hierarchy with ____ levels.

species

The Linnaean system of classification groups organisms into a nested hierarchy. The most specific level in this system is a _____. a group of organisms that can breed and produce offspring that can reproduce

Write a sentence or two to clearly explain how the terms "binomial nomenclature"and "genus species" are connected. For example, for the terms taxonomy and taxon, you could write "In Linnaean taxonomy, each level of classification is called a taxon.

The binomial nomenclature system combines two names into one to give all species unique scientific names. The first part of a scientific name is called the genus. The second part of a species name is the specific name

4

The domain Eukarya includes a total of ____ kingdoms.

cellular level

The domains are based on fundamental differences at the ____ level.

molecular level

The longer that two species are separated after diverging from a common ancestor, the more different the two species will be at the ______ level.

A

Identify the letter that marks the clades in the diagram.

B

Identify the letter that marks the derived characteristics in the diagram

Kingdom

If two organisms are in the same phylum, what other taxon do they have in common?

While this system of classification has existed for over 300 years, it is constantly evolving. Classification in the 1700's was based entirely on the morphological characteristics (what something looks like) of the organism. Those that looked most alike were put closest together in each category. This can be depicted as a tree, with the diverging branches showing how different the species become as you move out from the kingdoms (trunk). Now, a radical shift in the grouping of organisms is occurring with the development of DNA technologies. Sequencing of the genetic code of an organism reveals a great deal of information about its similarity with and relationship to other organisms, and this classification often goes against the traditional morphological classification. Scientists are debating which species are most closely related and why.

Imagine that you are a modern-day molecular biologist. Write a letter to Linnaeus explaining how advances in technology have affected the way that scientists classify living organisms. Describe the parts of his classification system that are still used in the same way today. Also describe the aspects of his system that have changed over the years.

Eukaraya

In what domain would you classify a newly discovered single-celled organism with many small chloroplasts?

DNA

Mutations accumulate more slowly in ribosomal RNA than in mitochondrial DNA. Which of these molecules would provide a better molecular clock for studying the evolution of species from different kingdoms?

constant rate

Mutations tend to accumulate at _____ for a group of related species.

Bacteria and Archaea

Name a kingdom made up of unicellular prokaryotes. Name a domain made up of unicellular prokaryotes.

The original Linnaean system of classification had two kingdoms. Biologists now use six kingdoms. What does this change suggest about the nature of classification?

One of the new reasons why species are being re-evaluated is because of DNA analysis. Basic genetic analysis information can change our ideas of how closely two species are related and so their classification can change.

lizards and snakes have do not have openings in the jaw that are a derived character crocodiles, alligators and birds share

Refer to the cladogram . Are crocodiles and alligators more closely related to snakes or to birds? Explain your answer using the terms common ancestor and derived characters.

the Pangolin's back and tail are covered with bony plates similar to a dinosaur they do not have teeth, they have an organ similar to a bird gizzard they are classified in their own group of Mammalia

The pangolin on page 517 shares many physical traits, such as a long snout, with anteaters and aardvarks. However, these traits are known to have evolved separately in each of these groups of species. Write a paragraph that compares how Linnaeus and a modern taxonomist would likely classify pangolins. Include in your paragraph the kinds of additional information that a modern taxonomist might look for in order to classify the pangolin.

Homo

The scientific name for humans is Homo sapiens. What genus do humans belong to?

genus

The species of the gray wolf is canis lupis. from this we know that the ______ is canis.

cladistics

______ is a common method used to group species based on the order in which they diverged from a common ancestor.

What does a cladogram show?

how species are related to each other through common ancestors