Biology Ch. 8

The plant cell in the image labeled "a" is in the cell cycle stage

interphase

During the cell cycle there are several checkpoints that ensure that the cell cycle is proceeding correctly.

FALSE

Binary fission produces ______ cells, mitosis produces ______ cells, and meiosis produces ______ cells. A. prokaryotic; eukaryotic body; eukaryotic sex B. genetic; body; sex C. eukaryotic; prokaryotic body; prokaryotic sex D. genetically-different; genetically-identical; genetically-different E. genetically-identical; genetically-different; genetically-identical

A. prokaryotic; eukaryotic body; eukaryotic sex

42. If a mutation causes the "T" base in the base sequence 5' AGTCCG 3' to be read as a "G" base, DNA replication of the mutated sequence will read A. 3' TCCGGC 5'. B. 3' AGGCCG 5'. C. 3' CTTAAT 5'. D. 3' UCCGGC 5'. E. 3' AGTCCG 5'.

A. 3' TCCGGC 5'.

12. A nucleosome consists of A. a stretch of DNA and histones. B. a stretch of DNA only. C. a stretch of RNA only. D. a stretch of RNA and a ribosome. E. histones only.

A. A stretch of DNA and histones

11. A discrete package of super-coiled DNA and associated proteins in eukaryotes is a A. chromosome. B. nucleus. C. ribosome. D. Golgi body. E. centriole.

A. Chromosomes

19. The process by which a sperm cell combines with an egg cell is A. fertilization. B. recombination. C. replication. D. mitosis. E. germination.

A. Fertilization

6. The enzyme that unwinds DNA is A. helicase. B. interphase. C. DNA polymerase. D. prophase. E. ligase.

A. Helicase

3. Strands of DNA are joined by A. hydrogen bonds. B. covalent bonds. C. ionic bonds. D. phosphodiester bonds.

A. Hydrogen bonds

32. The phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes are aligned along the equator of the cell is A. metaphase. B. prophase. C. interphase. D. anaphase. E. telophase.

A. Metaphase

24. The division of the nucleus during the eukaryotic cell cycle is A. mitosis. B. interphase. C. synthesis. D. cytokinesis. E. replication.

A. Mitosis

30. The phase of mitosis in which the nuclear envelope breaks into small pieces is A. prophase. B. metaphase. C. anaphase. D. interphase. E. telophase.

A. Prophase

Which of the following does NOT increase the risk for developing cancer? A. vigorous exercise B. poor diet C. mutated genes D. sun exposure E. tobacco

A. Vigorous exercise

18. Sister chromatids are A. genetically identical and attached to each other at the centromere. B. genetically different and attached to each other at the centromere. C. genetically different. D. genetically identical. E. always fighting over the mirror.

A. genetically identical and attached to each other at the centromere

26. The correct sequence for the phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle is A. interphase - prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase - cytokinesis. B. interphase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase. C. prophase - anaphase - metaphase - telophase. D. interphase - prophase - cytokinesis - anaphase - telophase. E. metaphase - anaphase - interphase - prophase - telophase - cytokinesis.

A. interphase - prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase - cytokinesis.

46. The chemotherapy drug taxol inhibits microtubule function. A cell treated with taxol would become stuck in which phase? A. prophase B. metaphase C. anaphase D. telophase E. cytokinesis

A. prophase

40. If one strand of a DNA molecule has the base sequence of 5' ATGTGCC 3' the complementary strand of DNA will read A. 3' ATGTGCC 5'. B. 3' TACACGG 5'. C. 3' UACACGG 5'. D. 3' CGTGTAA 5'. E. 3' GGCACAT 5'.

B. 3' TACACGG 5'.

1. What molecule holds instructions for the synthesis of proteins and copies itself for the next generation of cells? A. ATP synthase B. DNA C. RNA D. NAD E. FAD

B. DNA

31. The phase of mitosis in which the centromeres split and sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell is A. prophase. B. anaphase. C. interphase. D. metaphase. E. telophase.

B. anaphase

17. A discrete continuous molecule of condensed DNA wrapped around proteins describes the term A. nucleosome. B. chromosome. C. centromere. D. histone. E. genome.

B. chromosome

35. The first sign of cytokinesis in an animal cell is the formation of a A. cell plate. B. cleavage furrow. C. cell wall. D. nucleolus. E. nuclear envelope.

B. cleavage furrow

22. The two main stages of the eukaryotic cell cycle are A. interphase and cytokinesis. B. interphase and mitosis. C. mitosis and cytokinesis. D. interphase and prophase. E. mitosis and meiosis.

B. interphase and mitosis

44. When DNA replicates A. the original DNA is not affected and a new double-stranded DNA is made from two new strands of DNA. B. one strand of the original DNA ends up in each of the new DNA molecules. C. the original DNA unwinds, and multiple copies of a region are transcribed before the DNA closes back up. D. transcription factors determine where to begin DNA replication. E. a cell that was diploid (2N) will now be tetraploid (4N).

B. one strand of the original DNA ends up in each of the new DNA molecules.

13. Eukaryotic chromosomes become visible with a light microscope before cell division because A. they become less tightly wound. B. they become more tightly wound. C. they increase in length. D. they leave the cell. E. they increase in length and leave the cell.

B. they become more tightly wound.

Replication takes place during the G1 phase of interphase.

FALSE

47. Why don't plant cells form a cleavage furrow during cytokinesis? A. because they don't have a cell membrane B. because their cells don't divide after mitosis, but become one larger cell with multiple nuclei C. because they have a cell wall D. because they don't have a nucleus E. All answers are correct.

C. Because they have a cell wall

15. A part of a chromosome that attaches sister chromatids to each other defines the term A. chromatin. B. nucleosome. C. centromere. D. histone. E. None of the answers are correct

C. Centromere

9. Apoptosis is also called A. replication. B. mitosis. C. programmed cell death. D. the cell cycle. E. programmed cellular reproduction.

C. Programmed cell death

34. The phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes condense and centrosomes move to opposite poles of the cell is A. interphase. B. metaphase. C. prophase. D. anaphase. E. telophase.

C. Prophase

5. The process by which DNA reproduces itself is A. protein synthesis. B. aerobic respiration. C. replication. D. substrate-phosphorylation. E. photosynthesis.

C. Replication

39. How does the space between our fingers arise? A. The cells form by apoptosis. B. Mitosis of the cells is blocked. C. The cells die by apoptosis. D. Meiosis of the cells is blocked. E. The cells become part of the fingers.

C. The cells die by apoptosis

29. The structure that organizes the protein subunits of the mitotic spindle is the A. centromere. B. kinetochore. C. centrosome. D. cytoskeleton. E. microfilaments

C. centrosome

23. The splitting of a cell into two daughter cells in the eukaryotic cell cycle is A. mitosis. B. interphase. C. cytokinesis. D. metaphase. E. anaphase.

C. cytokinesis

41. If one strand of a DNA molecule has the base sequence of 5' CGGCATTA 3' the complementary strand of DNA will read A. 3' CGGCATTA 5'. B. 3' ATTACGGC 5'. C. 3' GCCGTUUT 5'. D. 3' GCCGTAAT 5'. E. 3' TAATGCCG 5'.

D. 3' GCCGTAAT 5'.

43. If a mutation causes the "G" base in the base sequence 5' AATGAC 3' to be read as a "T" base, DNA replication of the mutated sequence will read A. 3' AATTAC 5'. B. 3' TTCCTG 5'. C. 3' GGCCGT 5'. D. 3' TTAATG 5'. E. 3' AATGAC 5'.

D. 3' TTAATG 5'.

An asexual process used by prokaryotes in which replicated DNA and other cell parts are distributed into two daughter cells is called A. mitosis. B. binary fusion. C. daughter cell duplication. D. binary fission. E. conjugation.

D. Binary fission

36. The first sign of cytokinesis in a plant cell is the formation of a A. nuclear envelope. B. nucleolus. C. cleavage furrow. D. cell plate. E. spindle fiber.

D. Cell plate

16. DNA and associated proteins in the nucleus defines the term A. centromere. B. nucleosome. C. histone. D. chromatin. E. chromosome.

D. Chromatin

2. DNA's sugar-phosphate backbones are joined with A. ionic bonds. B. hydrogen bonds. C. weak chemical bonds. D. covalent bonds.

D. Covalent bonds

4. The genome of an organism is all of its A. proteins. B. RNA. C. characteristics. D. genetic material. E. All answers are correct.

D. Genetic material

10. Before a cell divides, it must first duplicate its entire A. cytoplasmic contents. B. cell membrane structure. C. array of enzymes. D. genome. E. cell wall.

D. Genome

37. In an asexual life cycle, cells reproduce by A. meiosis. B. fertilization. C. meiosis and fertilization. D. mitosis. E. All answers are correct.

D. Mitosis

38. In a sexual life cycle, a zygote (fertilized egg) grows to an adult by A. meiosis. B. fertilization. C. meiosis and fertilization. D. mitosis. E. All answers are correct

D. Mitosis

28. The component of the cytoskeleton that attaches to the chromosomes in order to pull and separate them is the A. Golgi apparatus. B. centromere. C. centrosome. D. mitotic spindle. E. kinetochore.

D. Mitotic spindle

20. Mitosis is used for all of the following except A. repair of damaged cells. B. growth of an organism. C. asexual reproduction. D. formation of gametes. E. production of genetically-identical daughter cells.

D. formation of gametes.

8. Mutations may be caused by A. errors in prokaryotic replication. B. exposure to radiation. C. exposure to chemicals. D. errors in eukaryotic replication. E. All answers are correct.

E. All answers are correct

Which of the following is correct about both binary fission and mitosis? A. Both are asexual forms of cell reproduction. B. Both result in genetically-identical cells. C. Both replicate the DNA before the cell splits. D. Both result in two daughter cells. E. All answers are correct

E. All answers are correct

14. One of two identical attached copies of a replicated chromosome defines the term A. centromere. B. chromatin. C. chromosome. D. nucleosome. E. chromatid.

E. Chromatid

45. A cell condenses its DNA into ______ in preparation for mitosis. A. centromere B. chromatin C. centrioles D. two nuclei E. chromosomes

E. Chromosomes

7. The enzyme that adds nucleotides to form new strands of DNA is A. interphase. B. prophase. C. ligase. D. helicase. E. DNA polymerase.

E. DNA polymerase

25. The replication of DNA during the eukaryotic cell cycle occurs during A. mitosis. B. cytokinesis. C. prophase. D. telophase. E. interphase.

E. Interphase

33. The phase of mitosis in which the nuclear envelope begins to reform around chromosomes is A. prophase. B. interphase. C. metaphase. D. anaphase. E. telophase.

E. Telophase

21. Meiosis is a process used for A. repair of damaged cells. B. growth of an organism. C. asexual reproduction. D. production of stem cells. E. production of gametes.

E. production of gametes

27. The correct sequence for the phases of mitosis is A. interphase - prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase - cytokinesis. B. interphase - prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase. C. metaphase - anaphase - prophase - telophase. D. prophase - metaphase - cytokinesis - anaphase - telophase. E. prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase.

E. prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase.

In the section "Investigating Life: Cutting Off a Tumor's Supply Lines in the War on Cancer", what did the researchers conclude from part a. of the figure?

Endostatin shrank tumors without development of resistance.

In the section "Investigating Life: Cutting Off a Tumor's Supply Lines in the War on Cancer", what hypothesis were the researchers testing by treating tumors with endostatin and the standard chemotherapy drug?

Endostatin works on endothelial cells, and therefore natural selection for resistance will not occur in tumor cells.

In the section "Investigating Life: Cutting Off a Tumor's Supply Lines in the War on Cancer", endostatin is a 184-amino acid protein that only affects endothelial cells. What is the best explanation for this observation?

Endothelial cells have a receptor on their cell membrane for endostatin.

During cytokinesis of a plant cell, the cell divides by forming a cleavage furrow.

FALSE

During each round of replication, a mutation occurs in approximately 1% of a cell's nucleotides.

FALSE

In the section "Investigating Life: Cutting Off a Tumor's Supply Lines in the War on Cancer", the standard chemotherapy drug forms crosslinks between the two strands of DNA in a chromosome. How is this effective in chemotherapy?

It delays DNA replication.

A replicated chromosome consists of two sister chromatids.

TRUE

An abnormal mass of tissue is a tumor.

TRUE

Any change in a cell's DNA sequence is a mutation.

TRUE

Bacteria and archaeans do not receive new genetic material from binary fission, but from mutations and gene transfers.

TRUE

Each newly replicated molecule of DNA contains one conserved strand from the original DNA molecule.

TRUE

If a cancer matastasizes, its cells travel through the blood stream and colonize other areas of the body.

TRUE

In the section "Investigating Life: Cutting Off a Tumor's Supply Lines in the War on Cancer", what did the researchers conclude from part b. of the figure?

The standard chemotherapy drug delayed the growth of the tumors but resistance developed.

The plant cell in the image labeled "d" is in the cell cycle stage

anaphase

The plant cell in the image labeled "e" is in the cell cycle stage

telophase

Bypassing a checkpoint in the cell cycle may result in a cancer cell

continuing to divide and replicate with faulty DNA

The plant cell in the image labeled "c" is in the cell cycle stage

metaphase

The plant cell in the image labeled "b" is in the cell cycle stage

prophase

In the section "Investigating Life: Cutting Off a Tumor's Supply Lines in the War on Cancer", what is the dependent variable in the figure?

the volume of the tumor in mice