Biology - Ch.8 Exam

What feature of replication ensures that DNA is copied quickly? (A) Replication occurs in thousands of places at once. (B) The DNA molecule is replicated from both ends toward the center. (C) DNA replicates during both interphase and mitosis. (D) Nucleotides are pre-assembled before replication begins.

(A) Replication occurs in thousands of places at once.

What molecule carries information from a gene to the ribosomes? (A) mRNA (B) DNA (C) rRNA (D) tRNA

(A) mRNA

What molecule carries the amino acid coded by mRNA to the ribosome? (A) tRNA (B) rRNA (C) codon (D) mRNA

(A) tRNA

What are Chargaff's rules? (A) A = C and T = G (B) A = T and C = G (C) A = G and C = T (D) All four bases are in equal amounts.

(B) A = T and C = G

What are the four bases of DNA? (A) A, T, G, D (B) A, T, G, C (C) A, U, G, C (D) A, U, G, D

(B) A, T, G, C

What does "semiconservative replication" mean? (A) Each new double helix contains two new strands. (B) Each new double helix contains one original strand and one new strand. (C) Each new double helix contains two original strands. (D) One new double helix contains two original strands, and the other double helix contains two new strands.

(B) Each new double helix contains one original strand and one new strand.

What is the goal of DNA replication? (A) to make RNA (B) to ensure that every cell has a complete set of identical DNA (C) to make proteins (D) to complete the cell cycle

(B) to ensure that every cell has a complete set of identical DNA

What d id Rosalind Franklin's DNA x-ray suggest? (A) DNA is made of a single strand of nucleotides. (B) Adenine pairs with cytosine and thymine pairs with guanine. (C) DNA is a double stranded helix of constant width. (D) DNA is a double stranded helix of variable width.

(C) DNA is a double stranded helix of constant width.

How does a cell ensure that no errors are introduced during replication? (A) Base-pairing rules do not allow errors to occur. (B) The origins of replication correct errors. (C) DNA polymerase proofreads and corrects the new DNA. (D) DNA ligase proofreads and corrects the new DNA.

(C) DNA polymerase proofreads and corrects the new DNA.

How is RNA different from DNA? (A) DNA contains a sugar that has one additional oxygen atom. (B) DNA contains uracil. (C) RNA is single-stranded. (D) RNA contains thymine.

(C) RNA is single-stranded.

Where does transcription occur in eukaryotes? (A) in the cytoplasm (B) in mitochondria (C) in the nucleus (D) in ribosomes

(C) in the nucleus

What forms the peptide bonds that link amino acids in a protein? (A) tRNA (B) mRNA (C) the ribosome (D) DNA polymerase

(C) the ribosome

How many bases code for a single amino acid? (A) one (B) two (C) three (D) four

(C) three

What molecule is not made during transcription? (A) tRNA (B) mRNA (C) rRNA (D) DNA

(D) DNA

How does information flow according to the central dogma? (A) RNA --> DNA --> protein (B) protein --> RNA --> DNA (C) RNA --> protein --> DNA (D) DNA --> RNA --> protein

(D) DNA --> RNA --> protein

One strand of DNA has the sequence ATTGAT. What is the sequence on the other strand? (A) TAACGA (B) ATTGAT (C) ACCTAG (D) TAACTA

(D) TAACTA

What happens if the mRNA reading frame is changed? (A) Nothing happens because an amino acid is represented by several codons. (B) Translation stops. (C) The mRNA is destroyed. (D) The amino acid sequence of the resulting protein changes.

(D) The amino acid sequence of the resulting protein changes.

What anticodon pairs with the codon AUG? (A) AUG (B) TAC (C) UAG (D) UAC

(D) UAC

What is the term that describes a unit made of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base? (A) adenine (B) DNA (C) nucleic acid (D) nucleotide

(D) nucleotide

What is the function of DNA polymerase? (A) to unzip DNA (B) to bring new nucleotides to DNA (C) to hold the strands apart so they can be copied (D) to bond nucleotides together

(D) to bond nucleotides together

Translate a complementary mRNA for this DNA sequence: TACGTC

AUGCAG

ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

RNA that is in the ribosome and guides the translation of mRNA into a protein; also used as a molecular clock

mutation

change in the DNA sequence

start codon

codon that signals to ribosomes to begin translation; codes for the first amino acid in a protein

stop codon

codon that signals to ribosomes to stop translation

RNA polymerase

enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a complementary strand of RNA from a DNA template

DNA polymerase

enzyme that makes bonds between nucleotides, forming an identical strand of DNA during replication

transfer RNA (tRNA)

form of RNA that brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis

messenger RNA (mRNA)

form of RNA that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis

double helix

model that compares the structure of a DNA molecule in which two strands wind around one another, to that of a twisted ladder

nucleotide

monomer that forms DNA and has a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base

RNA

nucleic acid molecule that allows for the transmission of genetic information and protein synthesis

replication

process by which DNA is copied

translation

process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced

transcription

process of copying a nucleotide sequence of DNA to form a complementary strand of mRNA

base pairing rules

rule that describes how nucleotides form bonds in DNA; adenine (A) always bonds with thymine (T), and guanine (G) always bonds with cytosine (C)

codon

sequence of three nucleotides that codes for one amino acid

anticodon

set of three nucleotides in a tRNA molecule that binds to a complementary mRNA codon during translation

central dogma

theory that states that, in cells, information only flows from DNA to RNA to proteins