Biology- Chapter 1

To which phylum do humans belong?

Chordata

Match the organism to the role it plays in the energy cycle:

-Fungi- decomposer -Plant- primary producer -Bird- secondary consumer -Caterpillar- primary consumer

What is a distinct characteristic of asexual reproduction?

A cell splitting into identical halves

What are inherited characteristics that enhance an organism's ability to survive in its environment?

Adaptations

What would be the ultimate effect on an ecosystem if decomposers were eliminated?

All life would eventually cease due to a lack of available nutrients

Which statement best describes the cell theory?

All living organisms are composed of basic units called cells

When tissues organize. what do they form?

An organ

What is the smallest chemical unit that retains the characteristics properties of a given element?

Atom

Which statement best describes autotrophic organisms?

Autotrophs synthesize macromolecules from Co2, water, and energy

Consider the statement "biological systems interact." What does this mean?

Biological organisms are interdependent.

Match the group of organisms with the correct example

Bread mold- fungi Chimpanzee- animals Oak tree- plants Prokaryotes- bacteria Unicellular eukaryotes- protists

Which tool is used by researchers to rapidly and inexpensively edit genetic material?

CRISPR

Which technology has been used to successfully deactivate specific human genes, modify yeasts for biofuel production, and modify agricultural crop?

CRISPR/Cas9

What is an end product of cellular respiration?

Carbon dioxide

What is a branching diagram that depicts the relationships among organisms based on shared characteristics?

Cladogram

What type of molecule carries the hereditary information of an organism?

DNA

Adaptation involves changes in ecosystem rather than in individual organism

False

An organism that reproduces asexually produces genetically variable offspring.

False

The scientific name for coffee is Coffea arabica. More specifically, the species name is arabica.

False

The two domains of prokaryotes are Bacteria and fungi

False

With deductive reasoning, you draw conclusions from specific observations.

False

What are units of heredity information ?

Genes

Information in living organisms is transmitted by which mechanism(s)?

Genes, hormones, and neurotransmitters

Suppose a particular protein is produced in excess of the cell's needs. What kind of mechanism will intervene to stop production?

Homeostatic

Identify three of the five basic themes in biology: I. The cellular composition of life II. The evolution of life III. The interactions of living systems IV. The mechanisms of disease V. The transmission of information

II, III, and V

The human body is made up of specialized cells that perform different functions. For example, a neuron is a specialized cell of the nervous system that receives and transmits signals throughout the body. To perform these tasks, the neuron uniquely possesses branched protoplasmic protrusions, called dendrites and axons, which conduct the signals to and from its cell body. This illustrates which of the five major biological themes?

Interrelation of structure and function in biological systems

Which is a characteristic of a good hypothesis?

It is falsifiable

Which statement concerning a scientific theory is FALSE?

It is unchangeable

The primary purpose of homeostasis is to:

Maintain a constant internal environment

Using the Linnaean system of nomenclature, corn is named Zea mays. What is the specific epithet in this name?

Mays

In living organisms, chemical reactions responsible for growth, repair, and nutrition are collectively referred to as:

Metabolism

Which scenario best describes a double-blind study?

Neither the investigator nor the subjects know who is in the experimental or control groups

A DNA molecule is made up of:

Nucleotides

Similar families of organisms are next grouped together in the same:

Order

One of the conclusions drawn from Darwin's theory of evolution is that:

Organisms living today descended from previously existing forms

Which is a byproduct of photosynthesis?

Oxygen

All members of the same species occupying the same area at the same time constitute a(n):

Population

Which organizational unit includes the fewest species of organisms?

Population

Which process is most directly associated with the theory of evolution?

Populations changing over time

By definition, an organism that is eukaryotic:

Possesses a nucleus

In deductive reasoning, we begin with __ and make __ based on that information.

Premises; conclusions

What sequence represents the pattern of energy flow within an ecosystem?

Producers-consumers-decomposers

Which cells do not have a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles?

Prokaryotic cells

You discover an organism that is eukaryotic, unicellular, and photosynthetic. Based on this evidence, to which group would you assign this organism?

Protists

Suppose we want to examine the effect of a fertilizer on the size of zucchini produced, and therefore, we need to establish the experimental and control groups. The control group for this experiment would be defined under which conditions?

Soil, water, sun, and zucchini seeds

What is a subspecialty of systematics and is the science of naming and classifying organisms?

Taxonomy

Which is a benefit of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?

The interaction of the genes from both parents allows genetic variation

What statement best describes "biology"?

The science of life

What is the purpose of the cilia and flagella of cells?

They provide movement for the cell

During an experiment, what is the purpose of a control group?

To ensure that the results observed in the experimental group is due to the variable being tested

Which stimulus most directly causes the Venus flytrap to catch an insect?

Touch

All of the genes present in a population make up its gene pool.

True

Changing your view of reality involves a paradigm shift.

True

Similar orders are placed in the same class

True

Similar orders are placed in the same class.

True

Systems biology is also called integrative biology.

True

Which best describes a result of sexual reproduction?

Two sex cells combine to form a fertilized cell

CRISPR research can decrease the spread of what type of disease?

Zika and other mosquito-borne diseases