Biology Chapter 1 & 2.

Use the following study to answer the following question(s): A current trend among professional baseball players is to wear braided titanium necklaces. The titanium reportedly regulates the flow of energy through the body. The player wearing the necklace then shows improved strength, tires less, and recovers more quickly. Which of the following would be the strongest evidence for or against the necklace's effectiveness?

A bar graph comparing batting averages of the players who wear the official titanium necklace and those who were unknowingly wearing a fake titanium necklace

How is a community different from an ecosystem?

A community consists of all of the interacting populations in an ecosystem. An ecosystem includes the non-living components that affect life as well as all of the interacting populations in a given area.

What does the term theory mean to a scientist?

A hypothesis that has been supported by a large number of experiments

What type of graph is this?

A scatter plot

If you were to combine all of the ecosystems on the planet, you would obtain the

Biosphere

Based on the table above, which of the following statements is not correct?

Cookies with the most fat were the cookies that were not only the thickest but also the largest in diameter.

Which of the following is the correct organizational hierarchy, from largest to smallest, in the hierarchical order of life?

Ecosystem, Community, Population, Organ, Tissue, Cell, Molecule, Atom

Which of the following statements cannot be tested by science?

It is wrong that male lions kill baby lions when taking over a new pride.

How is life defined?

Life is defined through a set of shared characteristics that all living things display.

Can you sequence the following levels of biological organization from smallest to largest?

Molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organism, community, ecosystem, biosphere

Which of the following represents a double-blind study?

Neither the test group nor the researchers know whether the test group is receiving a placebo or the actual treatment until all the data are collected.

A research team designs an experiment to increase the speed of athletes. The athletes' diet and sleep routines are altered for two weeks. Is this an example of a controlled study?

No. A controlled study only changes one variable at a time.

A scientist has collected data on the stomach contents of raccoons. He finds that they eat marsh grasses, crayfish, clams, insects, and food items discarded by people. What type of graph would be the best way to show the percentages of each of the components of the raccoons' diet?

Pie chart

Use the following study to answer the following question(s): A current trend among professional baseball players is to wear braided titanium necklaces. The titanium reportedly regulates the flow of energy through the body. The player wearing the necklace then shows improved strength, tires less, and recovers more quickly. What should one do if the results of an experiment consistently do not support the original hypothesis?

Reject the original hypothesis and formulate a new hypothesis.

Food processors are phasing out the use of which types of fats, because research has shown them to be particularly unhealthy?

Saturated fats and trans fats

Certain parasites, such as intestinal tapeworms, cannot survive outside of their host. Why are they still considered alive?

Survival outside of a host is not a requirement for life.

What makes one protein capable of a different function than other proteins?

The amino acid sequence of a protein determines its function.

Based on the table above, which cookies were the moistest?

The cookies with the least fat

Based on the table above, which type of cookie was the heaviest?

The cookies with the least fat

Use the following study to answer the following question(s): A researcher applies varying amounts of fertilizer (0, 2, 4, 8, 10 units) to 50 potted tomato plants. All other variables that may affect the outcome (watering, temperature, sunlight, plant size, etc.) are kept the same from pot to pot. At the end of the growing season, the tomatoes grown on each plant are weighed to determine which fertilizer level produced the largest tomato yield. Which variable is the independent variable?

The fertilizer amount

Many medical studies include a control group in which patients receive a medically ineffective treatment that resembles the treatment tested. What do we call the ineffective treatment?

The placebo

What is the core theme that unifies all of biology?

The theory of evolution by natural selection.

Use the following study to answer the following question(s): A researcher applies varying amounts of fertilizer (0, 2, 4, 8, 10 units) to 50 potted tomato plants. All other variables that may affect the outcome (watering, temperature, sunlight, plant size, etc.) are kept the same from pot to pot. At the end of the growing season, the tomatoes grown on each plant are weighed to determine which fertilizer level produced the largest tomato yield. Which variable is the dependent variable?

The tomato yield at the end of the growing season.

What does it mean when we say, "This scientific study was published in a peer-reviewed journal"?

This study was evaluated by qualified and impartial experts before being published.

The cookies with the least amount of fat had more cells around 500 m in size than did the cookies with the most amount of fat.

True

What is responsible for the unusual chemical properties of water?

Water molecules can form an extensive network of hydrogen bonds with one another.

A population consists of

a group of interacting individuals of one species

The four classes of large organic molecules that are essential to life include

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

What is the smallest unit of life?

cell

Imagine that your car is stalled and will not start. If you add gasoline to the tank to see if that helps, which step of the scientific method are you performing?

experiment

Starch and glycogen are complex carbohydrates made by joining together long chains of __________ molecules.

glucose

A(n) _____________ is a testable explanation for an observation.

hypothesis

The scientific method

is a rough recipe for answering questions, but the steps need not always need to be performed in the same order

All sodium atoms have 11 protons. The nuclei of some sodium atoms contain 12 neutrons and others contain 11. These different forms of sodium are called

isotopes

Which of the following lists the steps of the scientific method in their proper order?

observation, question, hypothesis, prediction, experiment

Which of the following is an example of discovery science?

observing what other students in your class are wearing

The statement, "There are 628 gray squirrels living on campus," describes the ________ of gray squirrels on campus.

population

Which of the following is an example of hypothesis-driven science?

testing whether or not dead batteries are preventing a TV remote from working

A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observations and experiments, is referred to as a(n) ________.

theory

Use the following information to answer the following question(s): You wake up one morning feeling slightly under the weather. A close family member enthusiastically suggests that you take some Echinacea, an herb commonly used as a cold remedy. You then decide to design an experiment to test Echinacea and see if this claim is true. You think, "If taken at the beginning of a cold, Echinacea will reduce cold symptoms. "You conduct the experiment and gather the data presented in the figure below. Given the results, you can say that ________.

your hypothesis is supported