Biology chapter 10
Which statement accurately describes how cancer develops?
It develops through a multistep process in which multiple mutations cause a series of events that lead to cancer.
Tumors that do not spread throughout the body are ______, and those that do spread are termed ______.
benign; malignant
A potential cancer-causing gene coding for a protein with cell cycle control responsibilities is a(n) ______, and a gene coding for a protein that stimulates cell division is a ______.
carcinogen; proto-oncogene
Which is the correct order of events in which breast cancer might develop?
death of all mutant cells > removes mutations from our bodies.
A woman with a BRCA1 mutation
is at increased risk of developing breast cancer.
Which family history most strongly suggests a risk of inherited breast cancer due to BRCA1 mutations?
many female relatives diagnosed with breast cancer at an early age
A chemical that causes alterations in DNA is a ______, and if this chemical causes cancer it is called a(n) ______.
mutagen; carcinogen
If a cell is unable to progress beyond the G1 phase, it is a likely indicator that the cell
was unable to produce more cytoplasm and organelles as needed.
A woman inherits one of the mutant BRCA genes. How can she decrease her risk of breast cancer?
Eating a more nutriitious diet and healthful lifestyle changes significantly decreases the risk.
Which phase of mitosis is correctly matched to its definition?
During metaphase, replicated chromosomes align in the middle of the cell.
In an otherwise normal cell, what happens if one mistake is made during DNA replication?
A cell cycle checkpoint detects the error and pauses the cell cycle so the error can be corrected.
What is the role of BRCA1 in normal cells?
BRCA1 is a tumor suppressor.
Why do people with "inherited cancer" often develop cancer at a relatively young age?
Cancer cannot be truly inherited, but certain alleles weaken the normal control points that prevent cancer, and this causes cancer to appear earlier in life.
Which process occurs during anaphase of mitosis?
Sister chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell.
How do PARP inhibitors act on cancerous cells?
They block the activity of an enzyme that contributes to DNA repair, causing the cancerous cells to die.
What is meant by choosing a "first line of treatment" in cancer therapy?
This means that a treatment will be the first and presumably most effective choice to completely rid the body of cancer.
Which woman would be most likely to benefit from genetic testing for breast cancer?
a 25-year-old woman whose mother, aunt, and grandmother had breast cancer
Which of these does not cause cancer to develop and progress?
a proto-oncogene and a tumor suppressor gene acting together
We would all have many more mutations in our genes if not for the
activity of repair enzymes.
Place the phases of mitosis in order from start to finish.
prophase-metaphase-anaphase-telophase
