Biology Chapter 17 Classification

How many domains and kingdoms do the most widely used biological classification systems have?

6 Kingdoms, 3 Domains

Llamas and Alpacas are classified as different species, yet they can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. For which species concept does this represent a limitation? A. biological species concept B. genetic species concept C. phylogenic species concept D. taxonomic species concept

A

Which cell wall material distinguishes all of the organisms in Kingdom Plantae? A. cellulose B. chitin C. hyphae D. peptidoglycan

A

Which inherited features are not used by scientists to construct patterns of evolutionary descent? A. analogous characters B. biochemical characters C. homologous characters D. morphological characters

A

Which kingdom contains heterotrophic, multicellular eukaryotes? A. Animalia B. Fungi C. Plantae D. Protista

A

Which was a limitation of Linnaeus' system of classification? A. It did not include evolutionary relationships. B. It did not use binomial nomenclature to name organisms. C. It identified and classified species based on natural relationships. D. It was based on morphology and behavior of organisms.

A

Why aren't mushrooms classified as plants? A. They are heterotrophs. B. They don't have cell walls. C. They don't absorb nutrients from their environment. D. They lack motility— the ability to move.

A

What is a group of species that are closely related and share a common ancestor?

A Genus

What is a named group of organisms?

A Taxa

What is a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat?

A Virus

What type of character is found within the entire line of descent of a group of organisms?

An Ancestral Character

What type of characters have the same function but different underlying construction?

Analogous Characters

Who developed the first widely accepted system of biological classification?

Aristotle

What do the colored bands in the figure represent? A. mutations B. molecular clock C. time D. gene

B

What does this image represent? A. phylogeny of species B. molecular clock C. cladogram D. tree of life

B

Which task will require collaboration among systematists, molecular biologists, earth scientists and computer scientists? A. Creating a comprehensive molecular clock. B. Constructing a comprehensive tree of life. C. Developing a dichotomous all known species. D. Properly naming all known organisms.

B

What are the 3 domains?

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

What are the 6 kingdoms?

Bacteria, Archaea, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia.

What was Linnaeus's method of naming organisms called?

Binomial Nomenclature

How were animals classified?

By the presence of red blood.

Determine which scientific specialist studies classifications and identifies new species. A. ecologist B. evolutionary geneticist C. systematist D. biologist

C

For which organism would it be best for scientists to use the scientific name rather than the common name? A. great blue heron B. bottlenose dolphin C. sea horse D. whitetail deer

C

How do systematists use this model to determine the degree of relationship among species? A. It shows the chromosomal structure of different species. B. It shows the genetic makeup of a common ancestor. C. It shows the rate of mutation for different species. D. It shows the relative time of divergence of a species.

C

On what characteristics did Linnaeus base his system of classification? A. Red blood and bloodless B. Evolutionary history C. Behavior and habitat D. Body Structure

C

The five-kingdom classification system had to be changed to a three-domain, six-kingdom system because of the discovery of _______. A. fungi B. protists C. archaebacteria D. prokaryotes

C

Which is a characteristic of the species classified in Domain Archaea? A. They are anaerobic. B. They are autotrophic. C. They are extremophiles. D. Their cell walls contain peptidoglycan.

C

Which species concept defines a species in terms of patterns of ancestry and descent? A. ancestral species concept B. evolutionary species concept C. phylogenic species concept D. typological species concept

C

What do scientists use to classify a species?

Characters

What reconstructs phylogenies based on shared characters?

Cladistics

What is the term for a named group of organisms? A. genus B. family C. phylum D. taxon

D

Which branch of biology combines taxonomy with paleontology, molecular biology and comparative anatomy? A. biotechnology B. evolution C. morphology D. systematics

D

Which group of dissimilar organisms were placed into the same kingdom partly because they don't fit into any other kingdoms? A. eubacteria B. eukaryotes C. fungi D. protists

D

Which is not one of the three domains? A. Archaea B. Bacteria C. Eukarya D. Fungi

D

Which of these is the highest level of classification? A. class B. family C. order D. phylum

D

Which two groups share the most derived characters? A. sponges and cnidarians B. arthropods and echinoderms C. arthropods and chordates D. echinoderms and chordates

D

Which was the first formal system of organizing organisms according to a set of criteria? A. classification B. nomenclature C. systematics D. taxonomy

D

What type of characters are present members of one group of the line but not in the common ancestor?

Derived Characters

What is the broadest level of classification?

Domain

What are the taxonomic categories from broadest to most specific?

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

What are the prokaryotes whose cell walls contain peptidoglycan?

Eubacteria

What type of characters show an anatomical similarity inherited from a common ancestor?

Homologous Characters

Who's system of classification was the first formal system of taxonomy?

Linnaeus

What do scientists use to compare the DNA sequences or amino acid sequences of genes that are shared by different species?

Molecular Clocks

What concept defines a species as a cluster of organisms that is distinct from other clusters and shows evidence of a pattern of ancestry and descent?

Phylogeny

What is the evolutionary history of a species?

Phylogeny

What 3 groups are protists classified as?

Plantlike, animal-like, and funguslike

What are eukaryotic organisms that can be unicellular, colonial, or multicellular?

Protists

What is the most specific level of classification?

Species

What concept defines a species as a group of organisms that is able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring in a natural setting?

The Biological Species Concept