Biology: Chapter 26
Define anterior
the top surface of a bilaterally symmetrical animal
How do worms move?
worms move by using their muscles.
Are all worms parasitic?
yes, most worms are parasitic, but there are some worms that belong to the phylum platyhelminthes that are harmless.
What is a vertebrate? What is an invertebrate?
A vertebrate is an organism with a backbone. An invertebrate is an organism w/o a backbone.
What is the name for an animal with no body cavity?
Acoelomate
Which end of an animal usually has sensory organs?
Anterior
What do most biologists think animals evolved from?
Aquatic, colonial Protists
What is the body plan of the phylum Porifera?
Asymmetrical
What is the difference between marine environments and freshwater environments?
Both
What ways can sponges produce asexually?
Budding, fragmentation, or formation of gemmules
How do cnidarians move? How do they feed?
Cnidarians move by floating and pulsating through water. They also use their tentacles to capture their prey.
What group represents one of the oldest groups of animals on earth?
Fossil sponges
What are three of the classes that belong in the Mollusca phylum?
Gastropoda, Bivalia, Cephlopoda
Define Hermaphrodites-
Hermaphrodites are organisms that contain both male and female sex cells. (sperm and eggs)
What does it mean if an organisms body is segmented?
If an organisms body is segmented it means that the organisms body is divided into repeating units or separate areas.
How do porifera feed?
Porifera are filter feeders.
How are sponges different from plants?
Sponges do not go through photosynthesis. Sponges has no body tissue
Define closed circulatory system
a system in which blood is contained within vessels
Define open circulatory system
a system in which the circulatory fluid is NOT entirely contained within vessels.
Define endothermal
an animal that generates its own heat thru metabolism
Define radial symmetry
an arrangement of similar body parts around a central axis
Define endoskeleton
an internal skeleton
What does sessile mean?
an organism that is fixed to one place; immobile
What type of symmetry do worms have?
bilateral symmetry
what type of symmetry is cephalization associated with?
bilateral symmetry
how do animals obtain energy and nutrients
by eating autotrophs for food
What is the name of an animal with a true body cavity?
coelomate
Define cephalization
concentration of nerve tissue and sensory organs at the anterior end of an organism
How do gastropods move?
move by crawling with their large "stomach foot"
Define Dorsal
the back end of an animal
Define posterior
the bottom surface of a bilateral symmetrical animal
What are four classes that belong in the Arthropoda phylum
the crustaceans, insects, millipedes, and spiders
Define ventral
the front end of an animal
Define exoskeleton
the hard exterior covering some invertebrates to provide protection
Define filter feeder
the method by which a sessile organism screens food out of the surrounding water
Name six characteristics of organisms in the kingdom Animalia
1 multicellular 2 movement (nervous and muscle tissue) 3heterotrophic 4sexual reproduction 5eukaryotic cells 6have body cavity
Define bilateral symmetry
a body plan in which the left and right sides mirror eachother
Define symmetry
a consistent overall pattern of structure
metamorphosis
a major change in form that occurs as a larval animal develops into an adult.
Name the four animal surfaces
dorsal, ventral, anterior, and posterior
Sea stars and sand dollars are examples of _____.
echinoderms
contrast external fertilization and internal fertilization
external- fertilization that occurs outside outside the animals body internal- eggs inside animal's body are fertilized by sperm carried into the sponge by water.
what are the three phylums that contain worms?
platyhelminthes, nematodo, and annelida
What phylums contain organisms that are sessile or contain some sessile organisms?
porifera, cnidara, echinodermata, and bivalia,
What is the name of an animal with a false body cavity?
pseudocoelomate
Define ecothermic
referring to an animal whose body temp. is determined by the environment