Biology - chapter 3

Tay-Sachs is often referred to as a licensylmo storage disorder because it prevents the function of lysosomal ________, such as betahexaminidase

Enzymes

Which of these materials are found in the cell walls of fungi

chitin

The process of photosynthesis occurs within organelles called

chloroplasts

Which of these is a pigment located within the thylakoid membrane that functions to captures solar energy

Chlorophyll

The double membrane that surrounds the nucleus is called the nuclear ________

envelope

Some bacteria have short extracellular appendages that function in attachment. These appendages are called

fimbriae

Which of the following are functions of the cytoskeleton

gives cell its shape, involved in movement of vesicles within cell, involved in endocytosis(cell division)

Eukaryotes

have a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles

What protein forms microtubules in the cell

Tubulin

Chloroplasts use solar energy to synthesize _________ during a process called photosynthesis

carbohydrates

1 µm is equal to how many nanometers

1000

What molecule is used to fuel all energy dependent cellular processes

ATP

Formally called microfilaments, ________ filaments are long, very thin flexible fibers that account for the formation of pseudopods (false feet) used by some cells in order to move in an amoeboid fashion

Actin

The semi fluid medium within a cell is called though

Cytoplasm

Function of the lysosome include:

Autophagy Intracellular digestion

The smallest structure capable of performing all the basic functions of life is the

Cell

Select all of the following that relate to the role of microtubules in a eukaryotic cell

Cell division Cell shape Organelle movement

The substance consisting of DNA and associated proteins in a eukaryotic nucleus is called ________. When highly condensed, as it is in preparation for cell division, this material is called ________

Chromatin, chromosomes

The nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum are components of the

Endomembrane system

True or false: peptidoglycan is a structural component of the cell walls of bacteria, archaeans, and eukaryotes

False (only in bacteria)

Cytoskeleton filaments that are larger than actin filaments but smaller than microtubules are called ________ filaments

Intermediate

A protist engulfs a macromolecule via a vesicle. What organelle could fuse to this vesicle and aid in breaking down the macromolecule

Lysosome

_________ Are the organelles that function in intracellular digestion

Lysosomes

Actin filaments can attach, detach, and reattach to __________ to produce movement

Motor molecules

The small structures within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that performs specific functions are called

Organelles

What cell structure is assembled in the nucleolus of the nucleus

Ribosome

True or false both plant and animal cells contain organelles

True

True or false: lysosomes and peroxisome's are structurally similar, but different according to the enzymes that they contain

True

Select all examples of cells that are prokaryotic

archaeal cell bacterial cell

A vesicle that contains hydrolytic digestive enzymes is called a

lysosome

What organelle is formed by the Golgi apparatus

lysosomes

In a eukaryotic cell, within which organelle does cellular respiration occur

mitochondria

And a bacterial cell, the chromosome is located in a region called the

nucleoid

The organelle that contains the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell is called the

nucleus

Bacterial cell walls contain which complex molecule composed of carbohydrate chains connected by peptides

peptidoglycan

Which two statements are part of the cell theory

All cells come from pre-existing cells All organisms are made up of cells

Select all of the correct statements about bacterial chromosomes

Bacteria typically have one chromosome Bacterial chromosomes are located in the nucleoid region of the cell

According to Endo symbiotic theory, plant organelles called _________ that carry out photosynthesis probably evolved from cyanobacterial ancestors

Chloroplasts

Cytoskeleton

Kinda like "Veins in cell"

Due to a mutation in the hexa gene, a substance called GM2, normally present in the tissues and nerve cells of the brain, accumulates there. This mutation mainly affects enzymes associated with which organelle in an affected individuals cells

Lysosomes

Prokaryotic cell structure

Nucleoid, plasma membrane, cell wall, capsule

Liver and kidney cells filter and destroy many toxins. As a result they contain high numbers of what organelle

Peroxisome's

The rough ER differs from the smooth ER in that it is covered with ______

Ribosomes

Select all of these that are components of the cytoplasm

Salts Water Dissolved organic molecules

Select all of the following that are components of the Endomembrane system

The nuclear envelope Golgi apparatus Vesicles Endoplasmic reticulum

True or false: the nucleoplasm has a different fluid composition than the cytoplasm of a cell

True

The action known as _________, or exocytosis, involves the release of materials from the cell via vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

secretion

The fluid filled space inside a chloroplast is called the

stroma