Biology Chapter 4 Quiz

A drug that interferes with microtubule formation is likely to completely disrupt A) the amoeboid motion of a cell. B) the function of lysosomes. C) contraction of muscle cells. D) the movements of sperm cells.

D) the movements of sperm cells.

Which of the following statements about electron microscopes is true? A) Electron microscopes focus electron beams to create a magnified image of an object. B) Scanning electron microscopes are used to study the details of internal cell structure. C) Transmission electron microscopes are mainly used to study cell surfaces. D) Specimens must be sectioned to be viewed under a scanning electron microscope.

A) Electron microscopes focus electron beams to create a magnified image of an object.

You are told that the cells on a microscope slide are plant, animal, or bacterial. You look at them through a microscope and see cell walls and membrane-bound organelles. You conclude correctly that the cells A) are plant cells. B) are animal cells. C) are bacterial cells. D) could be either plant or bacterial cells. B) are animal cells. C) are bacterial cells. D) could be either plant or bacterial cells.

A) are plant cells.

The function of mitochondria is A) cellular respiration. B) lipid synthesis. C) photosynthesis. D) intracellular digestion.

A) cellular respiration.

Unlike animal cells, plant cells have ________ and ________. Unlike plant cells, animal cells have ________. A) chloroplasts; cell walls; centrioles B) centrioles; chloroplasts; cell walls C) chloroplasts; cell walls; a nucleus D) centrioles; cell walls; large central vacuoles

A) chloroplasts; cell walls; centrioles

The nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell A) contains the cell's DNA. B) separates the RNA from the cytoplasm. C) is surrounded by a nucleoid membrane. D) contains the cell's nucleoli.

A) contains the cell's DNA.

Insulin is a protein that is produced by pancreatic cells and secreted into the bloodstream. Which of the following options correctly lists the order of the structures through which insulin passes from its production to its exit from the cell? A) rough ER, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, transport vesicles, cell membrane B) rough ER, lysosomes, transport vesicles, cell membrane C) rough ER, Golgi apparatus, smooth ER, cell membrane D) rough ER, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, vacuole, cell membrane

A) rough ER, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, transport vesicles, cell membrane

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum A) stores calcium ions in muscle cells. B) is the major site of carbohydrate synthesis in eukaryotic cells. C) produces proteins for cell membranes. D) helps assemble ribosomes for protein synthesis.

A) stores calcium ions in muscle cells.

A pathologist who wants to examine a patient's liver cells to determine if the mitochondria have an internal structural defect will likely need to use a A) light microscope. B) transmission electron microscope. C) scanning electron microscope. D) chromatin stain.

B) transmission electron microscope.

Which of the following statements regarding cells is false? A) All cells are enclosed in a membrane that maintains internal conditions different from the surroundings. B) All cells have a cell wall. C) All cells can interconvert forms of energy. D) All cells have DNA as their genetic material.

B) All cells have a cell wall.

Which of the following statements about cells is true? A) All cells have cell walls. B) All cells have internal structures that move. C) All cells are attached to other cells. D) All cells are motile.

B) All cells have internal structures that move.

Which of the following statements about lysosomes is false? A) Lysosomes help to digest worn-out or damaged organelles. B) Lysosomes synthesize proteins from the recycled amino acids. C) Lysosomes fuse with food vacuoles to expose nutrients to lysosomal enzymes. D) Lysosomes destroy harmful bacteria engulfed by white blood cells.

B) Lysosomes synthesize proteins from the recycled amino acids.

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is false? A) The cytoskeleton helps to support cells. B) Once laid down, the elements of the cytoskeleton are fixed and remain permanently in place. C) The cytoskeleton is composed of three types of fibers: microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. D) The cytoskeleton plays an important role in amoeboid motion.

B) Once laid down, the elements of the cytoskeleton are fixed and remain permanently in place.

________ cells lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus. A) Plant B) Prokaryotic C) Eukaryotic D) Fungal

B) Prokaryotic

A scientist wants to magnify a pollen grain 8,000 times and examine the ridges and pores on its surface. Which of the following instruments would be best? A) a transmission electron microscope B) a scanning electron microscope C) a fluorescence confocal microscope D) an inverted light microscope

B) a scanning electron microscope

The membranous compartmentalization of a cell A) divides the cell into two equal-sized halves. B) allows different chemical conditions to be maintained in different parts of the cell. C) requires the presence of a cell wall. D) is common to both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

B) allows different chemical conditions to be maintained in different parts of the cell.

Which of the following structures is exclusively associated with prokaryotic cells? A) membrane-bound nucleus B) nucleoid C) chromosome D) ribosomes

B) nucleoid

Which location in the cell is unlikely to contain ribosomes or ribosomal subunits? A) nuclear envelope B) plasma membrane C) endoplasmic reticulum D) cytoplasm

B) plasma membrane

The cells that produce hair made of protein contain a lot of ________, while the cells that produce the oils that coat the hair contain a lot of ________. A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum; lysosomes B) rough endoplasmic reticulum; smooth endoplasmic reticulum C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum; rough endoplasmic reticulum D) microbodies; lysosomes

B) rough endoplasmic reticulum; smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Intermediate filaments A) guide the movements of chromosomes. B) surround the nucleus. C) guide the movements of organelles. D) support the inner mitochondrial membrane.

B) surround the nucleus.

As cell size increases, the A) volume and surface area decrease. B) volume increases proportionally more than the surface area. C) surface area increases proportionally more than the volume. D) ratio of surface area to volume stays the same.

B) volume increases proportionally more than the surface area.

The diameter of most animal and plant cells ranges from A) 0.1 to 1.0 micrometers. B) 1.0 to 10 micrometers. C) 10 to 100 micrometers. D) 100 to 1000 micrometers.

C) 10 to 100 micrometers.

Which of the following statements about cellular metabolism is false? A) Cellular metabolism includes different processes that require different conditions. B) Cellular metabolism can occur within organelles. C) Cellular metabolism occurs in animal but not plant cells. D) Cellular metabolism often occurs on the surfaces of internal membranes.

C) Cellular metabolism occurs in animal but not plant cells.

Dynein feet A) are present in cilia but not in flagella. B) are knobs of carbohydrate that are essential to the movement of cilia and flagella. C) are found on microtubules in cilia and flagella and cause movement by grabbing and pulling at adjacent microtubule doublets. D) are the anchoring proteins in basal bodies.

C) are found on microtubules in cilia and flagella and cause movement by grabbing and pulling at adjacent microtubule doublets.

Mitochondria differ from chloroplasts in that mitochondria A) convert light energy from the sun to chemical energy, whereas chloroplasts convert one form of chemical energy to another. B) contain three different membrane-bound compartments, whereas chloroplasts contain two. C) contain membrane folds called cristae, whereas chloroplasts contain disk-like vesicles in stacks called grana. D) are not found in plants, whereas chloroplasts are not found in animals.

C) contain membrane folds called cristae, whereas chloroplasts contain disk-like vesicles in stacks called grana.

The nucleus of a cell A) is surrounded by a single layer of membrane. B) is contained within the nucleolus. C) contains DNA. D) is the primary location of protein synthesis.

C) contains DNA.

Which of the following would be most affected by a mutation that prevented cells from forming tight junctions? A) attachment of cells to the surrounding matrix B) direct flow of water and small molecules from one cell to another C) integrity of the inner lining of the digestive tract D) attachment of the cytoskeleton to the inside of the plasma membrane

C) integrity of the inner lining of the digestive tract

Protein synthesis requires the use of mRNA, which A) is made in the nucleolus. B) must be made by the ribosomes. C) is translated by the ribosomes into the amino acid sequences of proteins. D) carries the message to the nucleus to synthesize new DNA during cell division.

C) is translated by the ribosomes into the amino acid sequences of proteins.

A bacterial cell's DNA is found in its A) ribosomes. B) nucleus. C) nucleoid region. D) capsule.

C) nucleoid region.

Which of the following cell structures are associated with the breakdown of harmful substances? A) chloroplasts B) mitochondria C) peroxisomes D) centrioles

C) peroxisomes

Contractile vacuoles A) are generally found in protists that inhabit salt water. B) help in the excretion of excess salt. C) prevent cells from bursting as a result of the influx of excess water. D) allow organisms to avoid dehydration by absorbing water from the environment.

C) prevent cells from bursting as a result of the influx of excess water.

It is essential for heart muscle cells to beat in a coordinated fashion. The cell junctions that would best facilitate this are A) occluding junctions. B) anchoring junctions. C) tight junctions. D) gap junctions.

D) gap junctions.

A child dies following a series of chronic bacterial infections. At the autopsy, the physicians are startled to see that the child's white blood cells are loaded with vacuoles containing intact bacteria. Which of the following explanations could account for this finding? A) A defect in the Golgi apparatus prevented the cells from processing and excreting the bacteria. B) A defect in the rough endoplasmic reticulum prevented the synthesis of the antibodies (defensive proteins) that would have inactivated the bacteria. C) A defect in the cell walls of the white blood cells permitted bacteria to enter the cells. D) A defect in the lysosomes of the white blood cells prevented the cells from destroying engulfed bacteria.

D) A defect in the lysosomes of the white blood cells prevented the cells from destroying engulfed bacteria.

Which of the following statements about internal membranes in eukaryotic cells is false? A) In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes greatly increase a cell's total membrane area. B) In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes provide an additional area for many metabolic processes to occur. C) In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes form membranous compartments called organelles. D) In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes standardize the internal environment of all cellular organelles.

D) In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes standardize the internal environment of all cellular organelles.

Which of the following statements regarding plasmodesmata is false? A) Plasmodesmata penetrate plant cell walls. B) Plasmodesmata carry chemical messages between plant cells. C) Plasmodesmata carry nutrients between plant cells. D) Plasmodesmata are found in plants as well as some single-celled organisms.

D) Plasmodesmata are found in plants as well as some single-celled organisms.

Which of the following statements regarding the endomembrane system is false? A) The endomembrane system is involved in the synthesis, storage, and export of important molecules. B) The endomembrane system includes the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. C) The endomembrane system includes the nuclear envelope. D) The endomembrane system is a system of interrelated membranes that are all physically connected.

D) The endomembrane system is a system of interrelated membranes that are all physically connected.

The ultra structure of chloroplast is best studied using a A) light microscope. B) Scanning electron microscope. C) transmission electron microscope. D) light microscope and fluorescent dyes.

transmission electron microscope.