Biology chapter 5&6

Provides directions for its own replication. It also directs cell activities by providing instructions for building proteins.

DNA

The key process for information storage and transfer to offspring cells is _____.

DNA replication

The central dogma describes how the genes in the nucleus work to produce an organism's phenotype. Another way of putting it is that the central dogma follows the flow of information from _____.

DNA to protein

Why are linked genes inherited as a set rather than independently?

Linked genes are located near each other on the same chromosomes, so they tend to move together.

4. A gene provides the directions to build a molecule of _____________________; the genetic instructions it carries are then translated into the amino acid sequence of a protein.

RNA

Fur color in rabbits is controlled by multiple alleles. What does this mean?

Rabbit fur color is controlled by a single gene, but there are multiple versions of that gene.

The inheritance pattern for red-green color blindness is different for males compared to females. Similar to the inheritance pattern for hemophilia in the royal families of Europe, red-green color blindness is rare in females although they can be carriers for this trait. Why is the inheritance pattern different for males and females?

The gene for this trait is located on the X chromosome.

RNA base only

Uracil

What do we call a genetic cross that follows two separate characters, such as pea seed color and pea seed shape?

a dihybrid cross

What is a carrier?

an individual who is heterozygous for a particular recessive trait

During DNA replication, __________.

each of the two daughter DNA molecules contains one strand from the original DNA molecule and one newly synthesized strand

Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment states that __________

each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs of alleles

The monomers of nucleic acids consist of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a

nitrogen base

1. Nucleic acids are polymers of

nucleotides

7. RNA usually consists of a single strand.

polynucleotide

5. A polynucleotide has a repeating ____________ backbone.

sugar phosphate

DNA base only

thymine

tRNA molecules work to _____.

translate mRNA to produce a specific amino acid sequence