Biology Chapter 7 Study review

a) lysosomes

A bacterium engulfed by a white blood cell through phagocytosis will be digested by enzymes contained in ________. a) lysosomes b) Golgi vesicles c) vacuoles d) secretory vesicles

b) moves three sodium ions out of a cell and two potassium ions into a cell using energy from ATP hydrolysis

A sodium-potassium pump ________. a) moves three potassium ions out of a cell and two sodium ions into a cell while producing ATP for each cycle b) moves three sodium ions out of a cell and two potassium ions into a cell using energy from ATP hydrolysis c) moves three potassium ions out of a cell and two sodium ions into a cell using energy from ATP hydrolysis d) move three sodium ions out of a cell and two potassium ions into a cell and generates an ATP in each cycle

b) a concentration gradient; ATP hydrolysis

The force driving simple diffusion is ________, while the energy source for active transport is ________. a) a concentration gradient; ADP b) a concentration gradient; ATP hydrolysis c) transmembrane pumps; an electrochemical gradient d) phosphorylated carrier proteins; ATP

a) The pressure gradient will drive water to A, which will cause the solute concentration

Two solutions with similar solute concentrations are separated by a membrane that only water can pass through. One solution (B) is of greater volume than the other (A). What will happen next? a) The pressure gradient will drive water to A, which will cause the solute concentration of B to increase. b) Water will pass to B, increasing its volume. c) Any water that passes to A will create a tension on B, pulling the water back. d) The water will flow to A, down its pressure gradient, until the two sides achieve equal height. e) Since there is no concentration gradient present, there will be no net movement of water.

b) small and hydrophobic

What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily? a) large and hydrophobic b) small and hydrophobic c) large polar d) small and ionic

b) O2

Which molecule will diffuse most quickly across a lipid bilayer membrane? a) H2O b) O2 c) H2PO4- d) glucose e) Na+

d) small ions

Which of the following are least likely to diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer of a cell membrane? a) large hydrophobic molecules b) small hydrophobic molecules c) carbon dioxide d) small ions

b) movement of Na+ ions from a lower concentration in a mammalian cell to a higher concentration in the extracellular fluid

Which of the following membrane activities requires energy from ATP hydrolysis? a) facilitated diffusion of chloride ions across the membrane through a chloride channel b) movement of Na+ ions from a lower concentration in a mammalian cell to a higher concentration in the extracellular fluid c) movement of glucose molecules into a bacterial cell from a medium containing a higher concentration of glucose than inside the cell d) movement of carbon dioxide out of a paramecium

b) aquaporins

Which of the following molecules dramatically increases the rate of diffusion of water across cell membranes? a) the sodium-potassium pump b) aquaporins c) gated ion channels d) ATP

c) passive transport

Which of the following processes includes all of the others? a) osmosis b) facilitated diffusion c) passive transport d) transport of an ion down its electrochemical gradient

d) It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

Which of the following statements about diffusion is true? a) It is very rapid over long distances. b) It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell. c) It is an active process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. d) It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

c) In osmosis, water moves across a membrane from areas of lower solute concentration to areas of higher solute concentration.

Which of the following statements correctly describes osmosis? a) Osmosis only takes place in red blood cells. b) Osmosis is an energy-demanding or "active" process. c) In osmosis, water moves across a membrane from areas of lower solute concentration to areas of higher solute concentration. d) In osmosis, solutes move across a membrane from areas of lower water concentration to areas of higher water concentration.

d) an isotonic solution, and the plant cell is in a hypotonic solution

Which of the following statements correctly describes the normal tonicity conditions for typical plant and animal cells? The animal cell is in ________. a) a hypotonic solution, and the plant cell is in an isotonic solution b) an isotonic solution, and the plant cell is in a hypertonic solution c) a hypertonic solution, and the plant cell is in an isotonic solution d) an isotonic solution, and the plant cell is in a hypotonic solution

a) It exhibits specificity for a particular type of molecule.

Which of the following statements describes a characteristic feature of a carrier protein in a plasma membrane? a) It exhibits specificity for a particular type of molecule. b) It requires the expenditure of cellular energy to function. c) It works against diffusion. d) It has no hydrophobic regions.

c) O2

Which of the following would likely diffuse through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most rapidly? a) sucrose b) an amino acid c) O2 d) Na+

c) The presence of aquaporins (proteins that form water channels in the membrane) should speed up the process of osmosis.

Which statement about osmosis is correct? a) If a cell is placed in an isotonic solution, more water will enter the cell than leaves the cell. b) Osmotic movement of water into a cell would likely occur if the cell accumulates water from its environment. c) The presence of aquaporins (proteins that form water channels in the membrane) should speed up the process of osmosis. d) If a solution outside the cell is hypertonic compared to the cytoplasm, water will move into the cell by osmosis. e) Osmosis is the diffusion of water from a region of lower water concentration to a region of higher water concentration.

a) phagocytosis

White blood cells engulf bacteria using ________. a) phagocytosis b) pinocytosis c) osmosis d) receptor-mediated exocytosis

e) ATP

You are studying a pump protein in the lab. What should you order to make sure that the pump will operate? a) salt b) glucose c) DNA d) pure water e) ATP