Biology Chapter 9
How does gel electrophoresis separate DNA fragments?
according to size
To quickly amplify the amount of DNA in a sample, which process would a scientist use?
polymerase chain reaction
Which of the following processes could a scientist use to make an amount of DNA that is large enough to study?
polymerase chain reaction
In polymerase chain reaction, which of the following acts as the starting point for new DNA strands?
primers
Proteomics is the study and comparison of...
proteins within and among species
Which of the following terms means the study and comparison of proteins within and among organisms?
proteomics
Scientists have inserted the gene for human insulin into plasmids. The new plasmids are an example of...
recombinant DNA
What is the term for the structure in part 3 of the diagram?
recombinant DNA
Bacterial enzymes that cut DNA molecules at specific nucleotide sequences are called...
restriction enzymes
What is a clone?
a genetically identical copy of a gene or organism
The restriction enzymes used by scientists to cut DNA molecules at specific nucleotides sequences come from ___________.
bacteria
Identify the structure in part 1 of Figure 9.4. Where is the structure found?
plasmid found in bacteria
What goal of the Human Genome Project has been achieved?
sequencing all the base pairs of the human chromosomes
Using gene knockout organisms can reveal the function of a gene by...
showing the effect of turning off a gene
Which of the following components is required for PCR?
two primers
Define the term transgenic.
organism with one or more genes from another organism
Suppose the analysis of DNA shown in Figure 9.3 comes from a mother, a father, and their child. Predict which person's DNA fingerprint in the figure represents the child, and explain your answer.
3 is the child; has the combo
Describe one example of the use of transgenic organisms in agriculture.
BT corn and cotton
What does Figure 9.3 show? What is this type of DNA analysis used for?
DNA fingerprints; identify people
Which of the following technologies can compare the expression of thousands of genes at once?
DNA microarrays
Genetic screening can help determine a person's risk of passing on a genetic disorder through a combination of family history and ____________________.
DNA testing
One approach to gene therapy is to remove some of a patient's bone marrow stem cells and "infect" them with a virus that contains a functional gene. The stem cells are put back into the patient's bone marrow so that they can...
divide and make more blood cells with the functional gene
What is one of the benefits of genetic engineering of plants?
enhanced disease resistance in crops
In the Human Genome Project, scientists have identified the sequence of base pairs of the human chromosomes, and are working to determine the...
function of particular genes
Which of the following technologies uses electricity to sort DNA fragments based on their sizes?
gel electrophoresis
Scientists can study the effect of turning off a gene by using...
gene knockout organisms
Which of the experimental techniques involves treating a genetic disorder by replacing a defective gene with a functional gene?
gene therapy
Genetic engineering is possible because all organisms are based on the same __________________.
genetic code
Transgenic organisms can express the foreign genes because all organisms are based on the same ___________________.
genetic code
The process of DNA testing to determine a person's risk of having or carrying a genetic disorder is part of _________________.
genetic screening
Which of the following is the study of entire genomes?
genomics
The purpose of genetic engineering is to...
give organisms new traits
Describe two ways this type of this DNA analysis is used.
identify paternity/ family relationships and criminal cases
Describe one reason transgenic plants are used.
increase crop yield
