Biology DNA & Molecules
What molecules contains oxygen? (Choices = Carbs, Lipids, and proteins)
Carbs, Lipids, and proteins
What molecules contain carbon and hydrogen?(Choices = Carbs, Lipids, and proteins)
Carbs, lipids, and proteins
What is the name of the sugar that is found in DNA?
deoxyribose
What two subunits make up a fat molecule?
glycerol + 3 fatty acids
What kind of bond connects nitrogen bases across the double helix?
hydrogen bonds
Are almost all carbohydrates hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
hydrophilic
Are almost all lipids hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
hydrophobic
What molecules are used for long-term energy? (Choices = Carbs, Lipids, and proteins)
lipids
Which molecules have hydrophobic properties? (Choices = Carbs, Lipids, and proteins)
lipids
What molecules are used for structural support? (Choices = Carbs, Lipids, and proteins)
lipids & proteins
what is a molecule?
more than 1 atom bound together
what is a compound?
more than 1 atom bound together with different atoms.
What are the monomers of a DNA polymer?
nucleotides
how do you figure out the atomic weight?
number of neutrons + protons
What kinds of molecules contains nitrogen? (Choices = Carbs, Lipids, and proteins)
proteins
What are chromosomes made of?
proteins and DNA
Proteins are polymers constructed of what molecules?
proteins are polymers built from monomers called amino acids.
What is the process of copying DNA called?
replication
What is used for storage in plant cells?
starch
What are the three parts of a DNA nucleotide?
sugars, phosphate group, and a nitrogen base
how do you figure out the number of neutrons?
the Atomic Weight - Atomic number
What does the number of protons in a neutral atom equal?
the number of electrons
What does the atomic number stand for?
the number of protons
What is the polymer shape and function determined by?
the type of monomer that is used to build the polymer
what is an element?
type of atom
What are isotopes?
version of an element with a different number of nuetrons
What do plants and animals do when they need more energy?
when animals need energy, their bodies break down the glycogen that they stored into glucose. When plants need energy, the starch that they stored is broken down into glucose.
Is it possible for a monomer to form more than one type of polymer?
yes
What was Oswald Avery's experiment?
He re-did Griffith's experiment, but what he did differently was add enzymes that killed protein, lipids, carbs, and nucleic acids (DNA & RNA).
How many bonds does each of those things have?
Hydrogen - 1, Oxygen - 2, Nitrogen - 3, Carbon - 4
What kinds of bonds give protein its secondary structure?
Hydrogen bonds
What does HONC stand for?
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Carbon
What carries the message of DNA to ribosomes?
RNA
What is an atom?
a basic unit of matter
How many hydrogen bonds connect A and T?
2
How many amino acids are the monomers of polypeptides?
20
How many hydrogen bonds connect C and G?
3
Which two bases are are bigger than the other two?
A & G
What is a polymer?
A bunch of the same compounds strung together (many parts)
What shape is a DNA Molecule?
A double helix shape (helix)
What kinds of foods contain more saturated fats and what kind of foods contain more unsaturated fats?
Animals products contain more saturated fats and plants contain more unsaturated fats.
In what form do animals store excess glucose? Where do they store it?
Animals store glucose in the form of glycogen. They store it in their muscles and liver.
What kind of biological macromolecule is DNA?
DNA is a nucleic acid (a polymer built from monomers that are called nucleotides)
What is glucose a monomer of?
It is a monomer of the polymer cellulose and glycogen
What is a polypeptide?
It is amino acids that are linked together and form a chain. The polypeptide is the polymer that forms protein and the amino acid is the monomer.
Which two pairs of atoms are joined in a hydrogen bond?
Nitrogen and hydrogen & oxygen and hydrogen
What is a monomer?
One part (basic unit of a polymer)
In what form do plants store excess glucose?
Plants store excess glucose in the form of more complex sugars. This includes starch.
List 3 lipid functions
Structural support, energy storage, and information transport
What nitrogen bases pair with each other?
T & A, C & G
What did Griffiths conclude after his experiment was completed?
That something must be "transforming" those bacteria.
What do the similar structures, but different functions, of oxytocin and ADH illustrate about the importance of the amino acid sequence in proteins?
The differences in amino acid sequences can make very big differences in the protein functions (one little thing can change a lot)
What was the results of Avery's experiment?
The experiment only worked when the DNA was intact. DNA must be the "transforming" factor
What experiment did Frederick Griffiths conduct?
The mouse experiment when he injected live disease causing bacteria (smooth colonies) that killed mice when he injected it into them. When he injected the harmless bacteria (rough colonies), the mouse lived. Then he killed the live bacteria (smooth colonies) by putting it over heat and the mouse lived. Lastly, he combined the heat killed smooth colonie and the rough harmless colonie and the mouse died.
Oxytocin and Anti-diuretic hormone are both nine amino acids long. How many of those nine amino acids are different?
There are 2 that are different.
What is a covalent bond?
They are strong bonds (they can be broken, but they are harder to break than hydrogen bonds and they come from sharing electrons)
What are the four nitrogen bases?
Thymie, cytosine, adenine, and guanine
What are 2 differences between a saturated and unsaturated fat?
Unsaturated fats are more of a liquid than saturated fats are. This is caused by double bonds causing kinks. In saturated fats, there are no double bonds. So that means that they are more solid than unsaturated fats.
How does water slide right off ducks backs?
Water and oil do not mix well together,so the water slid right off their back's
What is a hydrogen bond?
Weak bonds, easily broken (and easily put back together). They have positive and negative ends and a positive end sticks to the negative end of another molecule.
Does the shape of a protein significantly affect its function?
Yes
What molecules are primary constituent of bread? (Choices = Carbs, Lipids, and proteins)
carbs
What molecules are used for short-term energy? (Choices = Carbs, Lipids, and proteins)
carbs
What are carbohydrates the main source of?
cellular energy
What kind of bonds hold the amino acids together in a protein's primary structure?
covalent bonds
What kind of bonds holds DNA nucleotides to each other in the sugar-phosphate backbone?
covalent bonds