Biology eoc cellular processes

A weightlifter is using heavy weights in short bursts for a competition. Because his muscle cells are not able to take in enough oxygen to make very much ATP the weightlifter begins to get fatigue in his muscles. Which of the following processes is most likely going on in the muscles of the weightlifter as he competes in his event? A. As the cells run out of oxygen they switch to anaerobic respiration, which allows the cell to make small amounts of ATP in the absence of oxygen. B. As the cells run out of oxygen, they die off gradually and the weightlifter's muscles have fewer contracting muscle cells. C. The cells will never run out of oxygen if the weightlifter is breathing. D. As the cells run out of oxygen, they will continue to make the same amount of ATP, since oxygen is not required to make ATP

A

As food travels through the digestive system, it is exposed to a variety of pH levels. The stomach has a pH of 2 due to the presence of hydrochloric acid (HC1), and the small intestine has a pH ranging from 7 to 9. HC1 converts pepsinogen into pepsin, an enzyme that digests proteins in the stomach. Which of the following most likely happens to pepsin as it enters the small intestine? A. It becomes inactive. B. It begins to replicate. C. Its shape changes to engulf large proteins. D. Its activity increases to digest more proteins.

A

Baby food manufacturers sometimes use proteases in their products. Proteases catalyze the breakdown of the proteins in these foods, making digestion easier for infants. Proteases are which of the following types of molecules? A. enzyme B. fatty acid C. carbohydrate D. nucleic acid

A

How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related, in terms of energy? A. The energy captured in photosynthesis is used to power cellular respiration. B. The energy transformed in cellular respiration is used to power photosynthesis. C. Photosynthesis and respiration perform the same task in terms of energy transformation. D. Energy is not involved in either photosynthesis or cellular respiration.

A

Meat tenderizer contains an enzyme that breaks down meat. If meat is coated with tenderizer and then placed in a refrigerator, how would the enzyme be affected? A. It would break down the meat more slowly. B. It would disintegrate the meat. C. It would break down the meat more quickly. D. It would change the shape of the meat

A

Small insects can walk across the surface of calm water. Their feet push the surface of the water down slightly, somewhat like a person walking across a trampoline, but they do not break the surface. What is the best explanation for why this happens? A. The insects are light enough so that they do not break the hydrogen bonds holding the water molecules together B. The insects actually use their wings to hover slightly above the water's surface and they only skim it with their feet C. The insects' feet are non-polar, so they are repelled by the polar water molecules and are pushed away from the water's surface D. The insects are small enough to see the individual water molecules, so they are able to step carefully from one molecule to the next

A

The human body maintains a temperature of around 98.6 degrees at all times. Enzymes are involved in almost every chemical reaction in the body. Which of the following describes the connection between these two statements? A. Enzymes function best at a specific temperature. B. The body needs to be warm to prevent hypothermia. C. The body is kept relatively warm to prevent too much enzyme action. D. There is no connection between the two statements

A

Two test tubes were filled with a solution of bromthymol blue. A student exhaled through a straw into each tube, and the bromthymol blue turned yellow. An aquatic green plant was placed into each tube, and the tubes were corked. One tube was placed in the dark, and one was placed in direct sunlight. The yellow solution in the tube in sunlight turned blue, while the one in the dark remained yellow. Which statement best explains why the solution in the tube placed in sunlight returned to a blue color? A. Oxygen was produced by photosynthesis. B. Carbon dioxide was removed by photosynthesis. C. Carbon dioxide was produced by respiration. D. Oxygen was removed by respiration.

A

Which process do the animals in the food web use to convert energy from food into ATP? A. cellular respiration B. osmosis C. photosynthesis D. transcription

A

like complex carbohydrates, proteins are macromolecules that serve many functions and can be chemically broken down and restructured. Both proteins and complex carbohydrates are which of the following? A. polymers of smaller subunits B. sequence of sugars C. lipids of large molecules D. nucleotides of DNA

A

Many fish and aquatic plants can survive a cold winter because the layer of ice that forms at the top of the lake insulates the water below and prevents the lake from freezing solid. What unique property of water contributes to this effect? A. Water absorbs heat when it evaporates and forms a gas B. Water expands and becomes less dense when it freezes. C. Water molecules completely separate into ions in solutions. D. Water forms hydrogen bonds with ions and other polar substances.

B

Maria, after finding no cold sodas in the refrigerator, placed a can of soda in the freezer. She then proceeded to check her social networking site and forgot about the soda. Later that evening her brother went to get some ice and it was brown. Maria's soda can had split open. What is the best explanation for what happened? A. As the water cooled, it adhered to the can, causing it to split B. When the water froze, the space be tween hydrogen molecules expanded C. When the water froze, it weakened the molecular bonds in the aluminum can D. As the water cooled, the surface tension of the water decreased and the can collapsed

B

Ovalbumin is a protein found in eggs. Which of the following best describes the molecular structure of ovalbumin? A. a group of six carbon atoms joined in a ring. B. a chain of amino acids folded and twisted into a molecule C. a set of three fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol D. a sequence of nitrogenous bases attached to a sugar phosphate backbone

B

Two different species of bacteria are examined. Scientists find that species X always produces CO 2 and H 2 O during cellular respiration. Species Y always produces ethyl alcohol and CO 2 . Which conclusion can be made from these observations? A. Only species Y is aerobic. B. Only species Y is anaerobic. C. Both species X and Y are aerobic. D. Both species X and Y are anaerobic

B

Water is often called the "universal solvent" because many substances can be dissolved in water. What property of water allows it to be such a versatile solvent? A. purity B. polarity and cohesion C. high heat capacity D. expansion upon freezing

B

What function does ATP carry out in living things? A. aids in protein folding and coiling B. used to capture and transfer energy C. identifies DNA start sequences for transcription D. helps maintain the fluidity of cell membranes

B

Which macromolecule makes up the majority of the cell membrane? A. nucleotide B. lipid C. protein D. carbohydrate

B

in living organisms, lipids function mainly as A. Sources of stored energy and transmitters of genetic information B. Sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes C. Trans mitters of genetic information and catalysts of chemical reactions D. Catalysts of chemical reactions and components of cellular membranes

B

A florist places a bouquet of white carnations in water containing blue dye. After a time, the flowers turn blue. What process helped the carnations to change color? A. Specific heat B. Surface tension C. Cohesion and adhesion of w ater molecules D. Formation of covalent bonds between hydrogen and oxygen molecules

C

A potted plant is placed inside a clear, sealed vacuum container that has water pumped into it on a regular basis. The container is placed in the sun and the plant's growth is monitored. Which statement best describes what will most likely happen to the plant over time? A. The plant will grow faster because it is sheltered from the wind. B. The plant will die because it does not have oxygen for photosynthesis. C. The plant will die because it does not have carbon dioxide for photosynthesis D. The plant will grow at a slower rate because it requires more water.

C

Carmen conducted an experiment to determine if listening to different types of music would affect a person's pulse. Her hypothesis was that pulse rate would change with different types of music. Each person listened to seven different selections of music for 30 seconds each. Each person's pulse was taken before the music and then after each 30-second interval of music. The pulses were taken again after the music selections were completed. Based on her experiment, Carmen concluded that a person's pulse rate changed when the person listened to different types of music. A. a question B. a hypothesis C. a control group D. a description of the experiment

C

Many of the proteins in the human body are enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions. What is the relationship between enzymes and activation energy? A. When an en zyme catalyzes a reaction, it increases the activation energy of the reaction B. When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it increases the activation energy of the product. C. When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it decreases the activation energy of the reaction. D. When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it does not affect the activation energy of the reaction

C

Mike has four aquatic plants of the same size and the same species. He submerges the plants in a separate beaker filled with 200 ml of water. She then sets each beaker under a different intensity of light. Mike observes that, of the four plants, the plant in the beaker under the most intense light gives off the most gas bubbles in a 20 minute period. Which of the following statements best explains Mike's observations? A. Cells decompose most quickly under the most intense light. B. Water evaporates from plants faster under the most intense light. C. Photosynthesis occurs at the highest rate under the most intense light. D. Gases in the leaves of plants expand most under the most intense light

C

Resistance to antibiotics results from variations in the genetic code of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Which type of molecule encodes genetic information in Streptococcus pneumoniae? A. carbohydrate B. fatty acid C. nucleic acid D. protein

C

Water has a much higher specific heat than most other covalent compounds. What do you predict might happen if water had a low specific heat instead? A. Flooding would occur and animals would be forced to migrate B. Harmful organisms living in water would reproduce at a rapid rate C. Organisms that are sensitive to changes in temperature would die D. Plants would not have enough water to effectively carry out photosynthesis

C

Water is essential for life. Its special properties make water the single most important molecule in plant life. Which of the following properties of water enable it to move from the roots to the leaves of plants? A. Water expands as it freezes. B. Water is an excellent solvent. C. Water exhibits cohesive behavior. D. Water is able to moderate temperature.

C

Which of the following are the reactants of photosynthesis? A. water and glucose B. glucose and carbon dioxide C. carbon dioxide and water D. oxygen and water

C

Which process takes place in the presence of oxygen and produces nearly 20 times as much as ATP as glycolysis alone? A. photosynthesis B. lactic acid fermentation C. aerobic respiration D. alcoholic fermentation

C

If a plant died from lack of food, which structure is most likely missing or damaged? A. flower B. root C. stem D. leaves

D

In which way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different? A. Cellular respiration stores ATP, while photosynthesis releases ATP. B. Cellular respiration produces oxygen, while photosynthesis uses oxygen. C. Photosynthesis releases energy, while cellular respiration stores energy. D. Photosynthesis used carbon dioxide, while cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide

D

Large bodies of water, such as lakes and oceans, do not quickly fluctuate in temperature. What is the reason for this phenomenon? A. Water is an acid. B. Water is a versatile solvent. C. Water acts as a buffer. D. Water has a high heat capacity

D

Many plants have waxy coatings on some surfaces. This coating reduces water loss because it is not water-permeable. This waxy coating is which of the following types of organic molecule? A. protein B. carbohydrate C. nucleic acid D. lipid

D

Some bacteria live in hot springs. Their cells contain enzymes that function best at temperatures of 70 °C or higher. At the temperature of 50 °C, how will the enzymes in these bacterial cells most likely be affected? A. The enzymes will be destroyed by lysosomes. B. The enzymes will lose their bond structure and fall apart. C. The enzymes will require less energy to function than at 70 °C. D. The enzymes will not increase the rate of reactions as much as they would at 70 °C

D

Water makes up approximately 60% of the human body and plays a vital role in regulating body temperature. Which property of water makes it good at regulating temperature? A. Water is a good solvent. B. Water exhibits strong cohesion. C. Water has an unusual crystalline structure. D. Water has a high capacity for heat.

D

Which gas is removed from the atmosphere during photosynthesis? A. hydrogen B. oxygen C. nitrogen D. carbon dioxide

D

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are necessary for many cellular reactions? A. Enzymes supply the oxygen necessary for the reactions. B. Enzymes change reactants from solid to liquids during the reactions. C. The reactions take up too much space in the cell if the enzymes are missing. D. The reactions are too slow to meet the needs of the cell if enzymes are missing

D

two of the four principle classes of organic compounds are proteins and nucleic acids. What is the relationship between proteins and nucleic acids? A. Nucleic acids use proteins for energy B. Nucleic acids are a subset of proteins C. Proteins are long polymers of nucleic acids D. Nucleic acids contain the information to make proteins

D

I will study more?

yes