Biology Exam 1 Chapter 36

plant organs form by

cell division in meristematic tissue

which of the following plant cells type is mismatched to its function

collenchyma - performs photosynthesis

when you peel tour potatoes for donner to are removing the majority of their

dermal tissue and vascular tissue

How are palisade mesophyll and stomata positioned usually in eudicot leaves?

palisade/upper epidermis; stomata/ lower epidermis

Select the material, cell, organelle or tissue that is NOT relevant to gravity detection in plants

plastid

which of the following statements is not true of the stems of vascular plants

primary growth only occurs at the shoot apical meristem

in vascular plants, one difference between root and shoot systems is that

root systems undergo secondary growth but do not form back

How is a root hair different from a trichome?

Root hairs are extensions of epidermal cells without cross-walls isolating them from the rest of their cells. On the other hand, trichomes are a cellular or multicellular outgrowths of the epidermis.

which cells lack living protoplasts at maturity

sclerenchyma

root hair and lateral roots are similar in each respect except

both are multicellular

Which of the following is responsible for keeping leaf surfaces cool and reducing evaporation?

trichomes

Which statement is correct concerning stomata?

A stoma is the space between two guard cells

Leaves often form at the nodes of a stem. What other structure is established at the nodes?

An axillary bud, a product of primary shoot apical meristem.

Which of the following modified leaf forms is correctly matched with its description?

Bract; a cone-shaped leaf with transparent tips. It remains buried but admits light to its center.

Which of the following modified stem forms is correctly matched with its description?

Corm; an underground stem which resembles a bulb but has no fleshy leaves.

Why does girdling a plant (removing a longitudinal section of tissue from the stem exterior to the vascular cambium) eventually kill it?

Exterior to the vascular cambium is the bark. Removing the bark will damage the phloem and could thereby kill the tree through starvation of the roots.

Which statement is NOT correct concerning parenchyma cells.

None of the statements are incorrect

The primary cell wall occurs farther from the plasma membrane than the secondary cell wall. Why is this?

Rosettes in the cell membrane lay down successive cell wall layers. Thus, the primary cell wall is formed first with the secondary wall pushing it outward over time.

What are the roles of SCARECROW (SCR) and WEREWOLF (WER) in root development?

SCR makes the roots grow in absurd directions (as if there's no "brain" controlling them). WER makes roots "hairy" because it stimulates excessive differentiation of hairs from root epidermal cells.

Why is the Golgi body so important to root cap cells?

Secretions from the Golgi bodies pass through the cell walls to the outside. The secretions both lubricate the roots as they push through the soil and promote the growth of beneficial nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Meristems act as origins of new tissues in a plant. What is the specific role of a lateral meristem?

These give rise to leaves, which occur on each side of the shoot apical meristem.

the function guard cells is to

allow carbon dioxide uptake

In roots, all the tissues interior to the _____ are collectively referred to as the stele.

endodermis

palisade and spongy parenchyma are typically found in the mesophyll of

eudicots

if you were to relocate the pericycle of a plant root to the epidermal later how would affect root growth

laterial roots would grow from the outer region of the root and fail to connect with the vascular tissue

Select the true comment about mature sclerenchyma cells.

lignified and usually contain no living protoplasts

root hairs form in the zone of

maturation

a unique features of plants is indeterminate growth. indeterminate growth is possible because

meristematic cells continually replace themselves

which statement about meristem cells is incorrect

meristems cells have secondary cell walls for protection

roots differ from stems because roots lack

nodes

Haustoria are a form of ____ roots.

parasitic

Which tissue is not part of periderm?

phloem

Which of the following is not a basic plant tissue?

pith

unlike educate stems, monocot stems lack

pith

whites the correct sequence f cell types encountered in an oak tree moving from the center of the tree out?

pith, primary xylem, secondary xylem, vascular cambium. secondar phloem, primary phloem, cork cambium, cork

What does the outward cell division of the root apical meristem produce?

root cap

many vegetables are frown today through hydroponics in which the plant roots exist primarily in an aqueous solution. which of the following root structures is no longer beneficial in hydroponics

root cap

What gives pears gritty texture within their soft flesh?

sclereids

you can determine the age of an oak tree by counting the annual rings of _____ formed by the _____

secondary xylem; vascular cambium

the food-conducting cells in an oak tree are called

sieve-tuve members

True or false: Venus flytraps kill in large part for nitrogen yet cannot survive in a nitrogen-rich environment

true

the tree truck is part of the primary growth system of the plant, but elongation is no longer occurring that part of the tree

true

Rings in the stump of a tree reveal annual patterns of _______ growth.

vascular cambium

Which of the following is not derived from apical meristem?

vascular cambium

What form of xylem elements appear to conduct water most efficiently?

vessels