Biology Exam 2

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You are investigating a rare genetic brain disorder and would like to identify the gene responsible, clone it, and determine its function. A very small protein isolated from the brains of healthy individuals is not present in brain cells of individuals who have the disease. The protein has a molecular weight of about 1,000 Da. If the molecular weight of a typical amino acid is 100 Da, you expect the protein to be _____ amino acids long. The corresponding mRNA coding sequence would have ______ ribonucleotides (do not include the stop codon)

10, 30

Fill in the blank: If a segment of double-stranded DNA contains 20% guanine, it will contain ______% adenine.

30

Fill in the Blanks (one letter per blank): If you transcribe the template strand shown below, the mRNA sequence would be... Template Strand: 3' CTACGCGATCCG 5'

5' GAU-GCG-CUA-GGC 3'

At what stage is a single cell removed for preimplantation genetic screening?

8-cell or 16-cell

Which of the following mutations is MOST likely to severely affect the protein coded for by a gene?

A frameshift mutation at the beginning of the gene

The ends of the DNA molecule shown in the image below are labeled as A, B, C, and D. Select ALL of the ends that would be considered 5' ends. (normal DNA strand)

D and A

Catalyzes the joining of Okazaki fragments

DNA ligase

Removes the RNA primer and replaces it with DNA

DNA polymerase I

Synthesizes the daughter strands

DNA polymerase III

Which of the following does NOT contain a fertility factor?

F-

Fill in the blank: If one strand of a DNA molecule is 5' CATCGA 3' , then the complementary strand would be 3' ____________ 5'

GTAGCT

When does independent assortment occur?

Metaphase I of meiosis

What are prions?

Misfolded versions of normal protein that can cause disease

Which of the following types of genetic testing are required by the state of Tennessee?

Newborn genetic screening

Which of the following is TRUE about protein folding?

Some proteins can fold spontaneously.

Fill in the blank: If one strand of a DNA molecule is 3' ACTGAAGTCG 5' , then the complementary strand would be 5' ____________ 3'

TGACTTCAGC

Top Strand: 3' CTACGCGATCCG 5' Bottom Strand: 5' GATGCGCTAGGC 3' Which is the template stand?

Top

Can two genes be located on the same chromosome and be considered unlinked?

Yes

Label each spontaneous mutation or mutagen as causing a base-subtitution, addition/deletion of trinucleotide repeats, frameshift, or breaks in DNA: strand slippage

addition/deletion of trinucleotide repeats

Label each of the following as being a component of a nucleotide or an amino acid: Amino group

amino acid

Label each of the following as being a component of a nucleotide or an amino acid: Carboxyl group

amino acid

Label each of the following as being a component of a nucleotide or an amino acid: Side chain (R group)

amino acid

What is exposed on each end of a protein? N-terminus

amino acid

protein monomer

amino acid

A needle is used to penetrate the uterus and placenta to withdraw amniotic fluid.

amniocentesis

Label each description with the correct DNA repair mechanism: Repairs a damaged DNA base: Repairs a damaged DNA base

base excision repair

Label each spontaneous mutation or mutagen as causing a base-substitution, addition/deletion of trinucleotide repeats, frameshift, or breaks in DNA: DNA polymerase adds a non-complementary base during DNA replication

base-substitution

Label each spontaneous mutation or mutagen as causing a base-subtitution, addition/deletion of trinucleotide repeats, frameshift, or breaks in DNA: Deaminating agents

base-substitution

Label each spontaneous mutation or mutagen as causing a base-subtitution, addition/deletion of trinucleotide repeats, frameshift, or breaks in DNA: Deamination

base-substitution

Label each spontaneous mutation or mutagen as causing a base-subtitution, addition/deletion of trinucleotide repeats, frameshift, or breaks in DNA: Depurination

base-substitution

Label each spontaneous mutation or mutagen as causing a base-subtitution, addition/deletion of trinucleotide repeats, frameshift, or breaks in DNA: Hydroxylating agents

base-substitution

Label each spontaneous mutation or mutagen as causing a base-subtitution, addition/deletion of trinucleotide repeats, frameshift, or breaks in DNA: Nucleotide base analogs

base-substitution

Top Strand: 3' CTACGCGATCCG 5' Bottom Strand: 5' GATGCGCTAGGC 3' Which is the coding strand?

bottom

Top Strand: 3' CTACGCGATCCG 5' Bottom Strand: 5' GATGCGCTAGGC 3' Which is the non-template strand?

bottom

Label each spontaneous mutation or mutagen as causing a base-subtitution, addition/deletion of trinucleotide repeats, frameshift, or breaks in DNA: Alkylating agents

breaks in DNA

Label each spontaneous mutation or mutagen as causing a base-subtitution, addition/deletion of trinucleotide repeats, frameshift, or breaks in DNA: Oxidizing agents

breaks in DNA

What is exposed on each end of a protein? C-terminus

carboxyl group

A couple is trying to decide whether to have children of their own or to adopt. They want to know the probability of them having a child with Sickle Cell Disease.

carrier genetic screening

A small tube is used to suction off cells from the outside of the placenta.

chorionic villus sampling

Once the ribosome locks onto the first codon, the reading frame is established.

code is non-overlapping

Ben was adopted, so he is curious about his ancestry.

direct-to-consumer genetic testing

TRUE or FALSE: The leading strand is synthesized in the 5' --> 3' direction, and the lagging strand is synthesized in the 3' --> 5' direction

false

Fetal cells are collected from a sample of the mother's blood.

fetal cell sorting

Label each spontaneous mutation or mutagen as causing a base-subtitution, addition/deletion of trinucleotide repeats, frameshift, or breaks in DNA: Intercalating agents

frameshift

Label each spontaneous mutation or mutagen as causing a base-subtitution, addition/deletion of trinucleotide repeats, frameshift, or breaks in DNA: UV radiation

frameshift

The addition or deletion of one or a few base pairs that shifts the reading frame of the mRNA.

frameshift mutation

Catalyzes the breaking of hydrogen bonds between base pairs

helicase

__________ gene transfer is the non-reproductive transfer of DNA from one organism to another

horizontal

What is exposed on each end of a nucleic acid? 3' end

hydroxyl group

Label each description with the correct DNA repair mechanism: Repairs a damaged DNA base: A base pair mismatch is repaired by recognizing which is the newly synthesized DNA strand

mismatch repair

A point mutation that changes one amino acid for another within a protein.

missense mutation

A nurse just collected blood for the RUSP.

newborn geneticscreening

Label each description with the correct DNA repair mechanism: Repairs a damaged DNA base: Repairs double-strand breaks during G1

nonhomologous end joining

A point mutation that converts an amino-acid-specifying codon into a stop codon.

nonsense mutation

Label each of the following as being a component of a nucleotide or an amino acid: 5-carbon sugar

nucleotide

Label each of the following as being a component of a nucleotide or an amino acid: Nitrogenous base

nucleotide

Label each of the following as being a component of a nucleotide or an amino acid: Phosphate group

nucleotide

Nucleic acid monomer

nucleotide

Label each description with the correct DNA repair mechanism: Repairs a damaged DNA base: The mechanism that repairs thymine dimers in humans

nucleotide excision repair

protein bonds

peptide

What is exposed on each end of a nucleic acid? 5' end

phosphate group

Nucleic acid bonds

phosphodiester

Label each description with the correct DNA repair mechanism: Repairs a damaged DNA base: A mechanism that uses visible light to break the covalent bonds in a thymine dimer

photoreactive repair

A couple is undergoing in vitro fertilization. They want to make sure that they have the best chances of having a successful pregnancy.

preimplantation genetic screening

A couple's first child has cystic fibrosis. They are pregnant with their second child and want to know if the fetus has the same disease.

prenatal genetic testing

Caroline is 21 years old and her mother was just diagnosed with Huntington's Disease. She wants to know if she will develop the disease later in life.

presymptomatic genetic testing

This level is the sequence of amino acids in a protein.

primary

Catalyzes the synthesis of the RNA primer

primase

Label each description with the correct DNA repair mechanism: Repairs a damaged DNA base: DNA polymerase III recognizes it added the wrong base, removes it, and then continues replicating the DNA

proofreading

Label each base as a purine or pyrimidine: Adenine

purine

Label each base as a purine or pyrimidine: Guanine

purine

Label each base as a purine or pyrimidine: Cytosine

pyrimidine

Label each base as a purine or pyrimidine: Thymine

pyrimidine

Label each base as a purine or pyrimidine: Uracil

pyrimidine

This level is the result of two or more protein subunits assembling to form a larger, biologically active protein complex.

quaternary

This level describes the alpha-helices and beta-sheets that are formed by hydrogen bonding between the backbone atoms located near each other in the polypeptide chain.

secondary

DNA undergoes _______.

semiconservative replication

A point mutation that changes the sequence of codon without changing the amino acid that is specified.

silent mutation

Stabilizes the single-stranded DNA

single-stranded DNA-binding

Label each description with the correct DNA repair mechanism: Repairs a damaged DNA base: Repairs double-strand breaks after DNA replication has occurred

synthesis-dependent strand annealing

This level is achieved when a protein folds into a compact, three-dimensional shape stabilized by interactions between side-chain R groups of amino acids.

tertiary

With a few minor exceptions, all codons specify the same amino acids in all organisms.

the code is nearly universal

Most amino acids are coded for by more than one codon.

the code is redundant

A given codon never codes for more than one amino acid.

the code is unambiguous

Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous base found in RNA?

thymine

Top Strand: 3' CTACGCGATCCG 5' Bottom Strand: 5' GATGCGCTAGGC 3' Which is the non-coding strand?

top

Breaks and rejoins the DNA double helix to relieve tension

topoisomerase

Fill in the blanks for the central dogma of biology. DNA >> _________>> mRNA >>_________>>>protein

transcription, translation

Which type of genetic recombination in bacteria utilizes bacteriophages?

transduction

Bacterial cells have to be competent to take up DNA during _________

transformation

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are ______

tumor-suppressor genes

_________ gene transfer is the transfer of DNA from parent to offspring

vertical


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