Biology: Fall 2015 Final Exam (15-19) FI

community

An ecological ________ is an association of populations of different species that live in the same area.

greenhouse

As a group, the ________ gases allow light energy to pass through the atmosphere but absorb heat energy as it passes through the atmosphere to outer space.

20

At room temperature, a population of dangerous bacteria on a piece of raw chicken increases from 100,000 to 400,000 in 40 minutes. Its doubling time is ________ minutes.

abiotic

Nonliving factors in the biosphere are called ________ factors.

double timing

One measure of population growth is the period in which a population increases to twice its size. This is referred to as the ________ of the population.

richness

One of the factors governing diversity within a community is species ________, which is defined as the total number of different species living within that community.

global warming

Scientists predict that current increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations will cause temperatures on Earth to rise, a phenomenon known as ________.

diversity

The ________ of a community has two components: the number of different species that live in the community, and the relative abundances of those species.

NPP (net primary productivity)

The amount of energy captured by photosynthetic organisms, minus the amount lost as heat from respiration and other life processes, is called ________.

succession

The general process by which species in a community are replaced over time is called ________.

physical environment

The biosphere is defined as all the living organisms on Earth along with the ________ in which they live.

climax

A community whose species are NOT replaced by other species is classified as a ________ community.

ecosystem

A group of living communities interacting with one another and their shared physical environment is a(n) ________.

food chain

A(n) ________ is a single sequence of who eats whom in a community.

community

A(n) ________ may begin when a new habitat is formed, such as when rock and soil are deposited by a retreating glacier.

size

China's one-child policy was designed to reduce the population ________ in China.

density

China's population ________ is 137 people per square kilometer.

climate change

Drought, species extinction, and melting of glaciers are all consequences of ________.

trophic

Each level of an energy pyramid corresponds to a step in a food chain and is called a(n) ________ level.

commensalism

Follicle mites live in the hair follicles of human skin. They feed on single cells but do little if any harm to the human; the mite has a stable place to live and reproduce. This is an example of ________.

50

If there are 100 people living in a 2-square-kilometer area, the population density is ________ people per square kilometer.

carrying capacity

If we humans do not limit our population growth rate, we will exceed the ________ of our environment, leading to a larger population than the environment can support.

increases

Population size ________ when the combination of death and emigration rates is lower than the combination of birth and immigration rates.

dependent

Predation increases are responsible for density-________ changes in population size.

Sun

Producers capture energy from the ________ and transform it into fuel energy that passes up the food chain as one organism eats another.

transpiration

The term ________ describes the process of water released to the atmosphere from plants.

independent

Weather is a density-________ factor that can affect the size of a population.

secondary

________ consumers feed on primary consumers as part or all of their diet.