Biology Final #1-87
The diagram below (See #22) illustrates the process of cell division. What is the significance of anaphase in this process? (1) Anaphase usually ensures that each daughter cell has the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. (2) Anaphase usually ensures that each daughter cell has twice as many chromosomes as the parent cell. (3) In anaphase, the cell splits in half. (4) In anaphase, the DNA is being replicated.
(1) Anaphase usually ensures that each daughter cell has the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Which statement best describes the relationship between cells, DNA, and proteins? (1) Cells contain DNA that controls the production of proteins. (2) DNA is composed of proteins that carry coded information for how cells function. (3) Proteins are used to produce cells that link amino acids together into DNA. (4) Cells are linked together by proteins to make different kinds of DNA molecules.
(1) Cells contain DNA that controls the production of proteins.
The diagram below (see#12) represents a cell in water. Formulas of molecules that can move freely across the cell membrane are shown. Some molecules are located inside the cell and others are in the water outside the cell. Based on the distribution of these molecules, what would most likely happen after a period of time? (1) The concentration of O2 will increase inside the cell. (2) The concentration of CO2 will remain the same inside the cell. (3) The concentration of O2 will remain the same outside the cell. (4) The concentration of CO2 will decrease outside the cell.
(1) The concentration of O2 will increase inside the cell.
Which activity most directly involves the process represented in the diagram below? (See #17) (1) a cell going through mitosis (2) a white blood cell engulfing bacteria (3) a nerve cell sending a message (4) a liver cell processing waste
(1) a cell going through mitosis
The largest amount of DNA in a plant cell is contained in (1) a nucleus (2) a chromosome (3) a protein molecule (4) an enzyme molecule
(1) a nucleus
The diagram below (See #24) illustrates the movement of materials involved in a process that is vital for the energy needs of organisms. The process illustrated occurs within (1) chloroplasts (2) mitochondria (3) ribosomes (4) vacuoles
(1) chloroplasts
Which statement best describes cellular respiration? (1) It occurs in animal cells but not in plant cells. (2) It converts energy in food into a more usable form. (3) It uses carbon dioxide and produces oxygen. (4) It stores energy in food molecules.
(2) It converts energy in food into a more usable form.
In nature, during a 24-hour period, green plants continuously use (1) carbon dioxide, only (2) both carbon dioxide and oxygen (3) oxygen, only (4) neither carbon dioxide nor oxygen
(2) both carbon dioxide and oxygen
ATP is a compound that is synthesized when (1) chemical bonds between carbon atoms are formed during photosynthesis (2) energy stored in chemical bonds is released during cellular respiration (3) energy stored in nitrogen is released, forming amino acids (4) digestive enzymes break amino acids into smaller parts
(2) energy stored in chemical bonds is released during cellular respiration
An enzyme and four different molecules are shown in the diagram below (See #28). The enzyme would most likely affect reactions involving (1) molecule A, only (2) molecule C, only (3) molecules B and D (4) molecules A and C
(2) molecule C, only
A student wanted to test the hypothesis that rooting hormones will stimulate the production of new roots at a faster rate than would take place without rooting hormones. Two stem cuttings of equal length, similar to the one shown below, were taken from a rose, a begonia, and a geranium plant. The cut end of one cutting from each plant was dipped into the hormone and then planted in wet sand. The other cutting from each plant was planted in wet sand without dipping it into the hormone. All cuttings were maintained in identical environmental conditions. At the end of 4 weeks, all the cuttings were removed from the sand and the lengths of the roots that had developed were measured. The results are summarized in the data table below (See #33). The effect of the rooting hormone on the production of new roots was most likely due to the influence of the hormone on the process of (1) photosynthesis (2) meiosis (3) mitosis (4) excretion
(3) mitosis
Hereditary information is stored inside the (1) ribosomes, which have chromosomes that contain many genes (2) ribosomes, which have genes that contain many chromosomes (3) nucleus, which has chromosomes that contain many genes (4) nucleus, which has genes that contain many chromosomes
(3) nucleus, which has chromosomes that contain many genes
Studies of fat cells and thyroid cells show that fat cells have fewer mitochondria than thyroid cells. A biologist would most likely infer that fat tissue (1) does not require energy (2) has energy requirements equal to those of thyroid tissue (3) requires less energy than thyroid tissue (4) requires more energy than thyroid tissue
(3) requires less energy than thyroid tissue
An Iodine test of a tomato plant leaf revealed that starch was present at 5:00pm on a sunny afternoon in July. When a similar plant leaf from the same tomato plant was tested with iodine at 6:00am the next morning, the test indicated the less starch was present. This reduction in starch content most likely occurred because starch was... (1) changed directly into proteins (2) transported out of the leaves through guard cells (3) transported downward toward the roots through tubes (4) changed into simple sugars
(4) changed into simple sugars
Muscle cells in athletes often have more mitochondria than muscle cells in nonathletes. Based on this observation, it can be inferred that the muscle cells in athletes (1) have a smaller demand for cell proteins than the muscle cells of nonathletes (2) reproduce less frequently than the muscle cells of nonathletes (3) have nuclei containing more DNA than nuclei in the muscle cells of nonathletes (4) have a greater demand for energy than the muscle cells of nonathletes
(4) have a greater demand for energy than the muscle cells of nonathletes
10. In a cell, all organelles work together to carry out (1) diffusion (2) active transport (3) information storage (4) metabolic processes
(4) metabolic processes
The diagram below (see #11) represents part of a life process in a leaf chloroplast. If the process illustrated in the diagram is interrupted by a chemical at point X, there would be an immediate effect on the release of (1) chlorophyll (2) nitrogen (3) carbon dioxide (4) oxygen
(4) oxygen
18. In a cell, information that controls the production of proteins must pass from the nucleus to the (1) cell membrane (2) chloroplasts (3) mitochondria (4) ribosomes
(4) ribosomes
The mass of some corn plants at the end of their growth period was 6 tons per acre. Most of this mass was produced from (1) water and organic compounds absorbed from the soil (2) minerals from the soil and oxygen from the air (3) minerals and organic materials absorbed from the soil (4) water from the soil and carbon dioxide from the air
(4) water from the soil and carbon dioxide from the air
The equation below represents a summary of a biological process. carbon dioxide + water ® glucose + water + oxygen. This process is completed in (a) mitochondria (b) cell membranes (c) ribosomes (d) chloroplasts
(d) chloroplasts
While viewing a slide of rapidly moving sperm cells, a student concludes that these cells require a large amount of energy to maintain their activity. The organelles that most directly provide this energy are known as (a) vacuoles (b) ribosomes (c) chloroplasts (d) mitochondria
(d) mitochondria
ADP is able to cycle back into ATP if energy is available. The enzyme that assists in this is a. ATP Synthase. b. Carbonic anhydrase. c. ATP Catalase. d. All of the above.
a. ATP Synthase.
51. Where does photosynthesis take place? a. Chloroplast c. Nucleus b. Ribosome d. Mitochondria
a. Chloroplast
Glycolysis occurs in the ___________. a. Cytoplasm. b. Mitochondrial matrix. c. Inner mitochondrial membrane. d. Outer mitochondrial membrane.
a. Cytoplasm.
The spread of food coloring through a glass of water is an example of a. Diffusion b. Active Transport c. Plasmolysis d. Homeostasis
a. Diffusion
In the presence of oxygen, all cells synthesize ATP via the process of glycolysis. Many cells can also metabolize pyruvate if oxygen is not present, via the process of: a. Fermentation b. Aerobic respiration c. Electron transport d. ATPase
a. Fermentation
In eukaryotic cells, most ATP is produced in the a. Mitochondria. b. Nucleus. c. Cytoplasm. d. Rough endoplasmic reticulum.
a. Mitochondria.
Water is formed during the electron transport chain when _____________ accepts electrons. a. Oxygen. b. Hydrogen. c. ATP Synthase. d. Carbon dioxide.
a. Oxygen.
The electrons stored in NADH and FADH2 are passed along to a. The electron transport chain. b. Oxygen. c. Lactic acid. d. The cytoplasm.
a. The electron transport chain.
(See #99-101) Taken together, these graphs above demonstrate that a. The rate of photosynthesis is affected by changes in the environment. b. increases in light intensity causes increases in temperature. c. As the rate of photosynthesis increases, the temperature eventually decreases. d. photosynthesis does not depend on environmental factors.
a. The rate of photosynthesis is affected by changes in the environment.
When electrons of a chlorophyll molecule are excited to a higher level, a. They enter an electron transport chain b. they reflect excess sunlight c. they enter the Calvin cycle d. carotenoids are converting into chlorophyll
a. They enter an electron transport chain
A net total of ______ ATP molecules are created during glycolysis. a. Two b. Four c. Eight d. Thirty-six
a. Two
The Calvin cycle begins when a molecule of _________ __________ is added to a 5-carbon compound and ends with three-carbon sugars. a. carbon dioxide b. acetyl-coA c. NADP+ + H+ d. excited electrons
a. carbon dioxide
Which of the following is required for the Calvin cycle? a. carbon dioxide b. oxygen c. NADP+ d. FADH2
a. carbon dioxide
NADPH is formed when the electron acceptor NADP+ combines with a. hydrogen ions and excited electrons b. hydrogen ions and glucose c. excited electrons and ATP d. excited electrons and proteins
a. hydrogen ions and excited electrons
Photosynthesis takes place in small membrane bound sacs called a. thylakoids b. grana c. photosystems d. photons
a. thylakoids
Electrons in pigment molecules become excited a. when light strikes pigment within the thylakoid. b. during dark reactions. c. when water molecules are broken down. d. none of the above.
a. when light strikes pigment within the thylakoid.
Closely examine the following statement next to each of the numbers. Choose which option best describes the order of the steps in photosynthesis. 1. Electrons increase an energy level. 2. ATP and NADPH are formed. 3. Chlorophyll absorbs light energy. 4. Electrons enter an electron transport chain. 5. ATP and NADPH are used to drive reactions in the Calvin cycle. 6. Glucose is formed. a. 1, 3, 6, 5, 2, 4 b. 3, 1, 4, 2, 5, 6 c. 2, 4, 1, 3, 5, 6 d. 3, 1, 2, 5, 4, 6
b. 3, 1, 4, 2, 5, 6
During the light reactions, a. carbon dioxide is fixed. b. ATP and NADPH are formed. c. Sugar is created. d. Carbon dioxide accepts electrons.
b. ATP and NADPH are formed.
The molecule necessary to begin the Krebs cycle is _______________ and it is a product of ________________. a. Carbon dioxide; glycolysis b. Acetyl-coA; glycolysis c. carbon dioxide; photosynthesis d. acetyl-coA; photosynthesis
b. Acetyl-coA; glycolysis
Emily is looking at 2 plant cells through her microscope. She forgot to label them, and she can't remember which is the root cell and which is the leaf cell. Which organelle would help her determine which cell is which? a. Nucleolus b. Chloroplast c. Cell wall d. Vacuole
b. Chloroplast
Which stage of aerobic respiration requires ATP? a. Krebs cycle b. Glycolysis c. Electron transport chain d. Fermentation
b. Glycolysis
A cell that contains a higher concentration of dissolved matter than the outside environment will result in a situation where the cell is referred to as being a. Hypertonic b. Hypotonic c. Isotonic d. None of these
b. Hypotonic
(See #99-101) Graph A demonstrates that the rate of photosynthesis a. Decreases in response to increasing light. b. Increases to response to increasing light, but only to a certain point. c. Increases indefinitely to response to increasing light. d. Is not affected by changes in light intensity.
b. Increases to response to increasing light, but only to a certain point.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -------> 6CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP Refer to the equation above. The process summarized by the equation begins in the cytoplasm of a cell and ends in the a. Extracellular matrix. b. Mitochondria. c. Nucleus. d. Phospholipid bilayer.
b. Mitochondria.
The Krebs cycle occurs in the ________________. a. Cytoplasm. b. Mitochondrial matrix. c. Outer mitochondrial membrane. d. Endoplasmic reticulum.
b. Mitochondrial matrix.
When a cell membrane only allows selected molecules to move through the cell membrane, it is called a. Diffusion b. Osmosis c. Active Transport d. Phagocytosis
b. Osmosis
Glucose is broken down into ___________ during ____________. a. Carbon dioxide; glycolysis b. Pyruvate; glycolysis c. Carbon dioxide; ATP phosphorylation d. Pyruvate; the Krebs cycle
b. Pyruvate; glycolysis
To maximize ATP production, glycolysis must be followed by a. Fermentation b. The Krebs cycle c. The Calvin cycle d. Photosynthesis
b. The Krebs cycle
A process in which water is split into hydrogen, oxygen and electrons is called: a. water degradation b. hydrolysis c. electrosynthesis d. oxidization
b. hydrolysis
The structures that are responsible for gas exchange within the leaf are known as a. thylakoids b. stomata c. grana d. vacuoles
b. stomata
Gas exchange occurs in the a. spongy layer of the leaf b. stomata of the epidermis c. palisade layer of the leaf d. chloroplasts
b. stomata of the epidermis
What two reactants of photosynthesis are used for the light reactions? a. Carbon dioxide, water b. water, sunlight c. Carbon dioxide, sunlight d. glucose, sunlight
b. water, sunlight
Because of photosynthesis, a. plants produce carbon dioxide. b. heterotrophs can get energy directly from the sun. c the atmosphere is rich in oxygen gas. d. All of the above.
c the atmosphere is rich in oxygen gas.
The electron transport chain produces a. carbon dioxide and water b. ATP and water c. ATP and NADPH d. NADH and FADH2
c. ATP and NADPH
The energy a cell needs to build molecules or power cell respiration is supplied by a. Electrons. b. Water. c. ATP. d. Carbon dioxide.
c. ATP.
Which of the following occurs during photosynthesis? a. CO2 is used to produce water. b. CO2 is absorbed by mitochondria. c. CO2 and H2O are converted into carbohydrates. d. CO2 and H2O are converted into pyruvate.
c. CO2 and H2O are converted into carbohydrates.
Which process of cellular respiration generates the most ATP? a. Glycolysis b. Krebs cycle c. Chemiosmosis d. The bridge reactions.
c. Chemiosmosis
Which stage of aerobic respiration produces ATP and NADH and releases carbon dioxide? a. Glycolysis b. Krebs cycle c. Electron transport d. None of the above
c. Electron transport
The reduced form of NADH and FADH2 are: a. NADPH and FAD+ b. NADH2 and FADH c. NAD+ and FADH d. ADP and ATP
c. NAD+ and FADH
Where are ribosomes synthesized? a. Golgi Apparatus b. Endoplasmic Reticulum c. Nucleolus d. Mitochondria
c. Nucleolus
The electron transport chain pumps protons a. Out of the cell. b. Out of the mitochondria and into the cytoplasm. c. Out of the matrix and into the inter-membrane space. d. Out of the nucleus.
c. Out of the matrix and into the inter-membrane space.
(See #99-101)Graph B demonstrates that the rate of photosynthesis a. Is slower during colder temperatures and then increases exponentially. b. Is highest when the temperature is over 45° Celsius. c. Peaks at an average temperature. d. Is not affected by changes in temperature.
c. Peaks at an average temperature.
Breaking the outer phosphate bond of ATP a. Rarely occurs. b. Is irreversible. c. Releases energy. d. None of the above
c. Releases energy.
Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Glycolysis is an anaerobic process. b. The Krebs cycle produces electron carriers. c. The electron transport chain produces 2 ATP molecules. d. The formation of acetyl-CoA produces carbon dioxide.
c. The electron transport chain produces 2 ATP molecules.
The Calvin cycle is a common method of a. aerobic respiration b. anaerobic respiration c. carbon fixation d. electron transport
c. carbon fixation
Colors of light that are most useful during photosynthesis are a. green and yellow b. red and violet c. infrared and ultraviolet d. red and blue
c. infrared and ultraviolet
The pigment responsible for photosynthesis are located in the a. cytoplasm b. stroma c. thylakoids d. mitochondria
c. thylakoids
During aerobic cellular respiration, chemiosmosis is a process that supplies energy for a. Glycolysis b. NADH production c. Fermentation d. ATP Phosphorylation
d. ATP Phosphorylation
Energy from the excited electrons is/are stored in which molecule(s)? a. ADP and NADP+ b. Water and oxygen c. Carbon dioxide and glucose d. ATP and NADPH
d. ATP and NADPH
Cellular respiration occurs in: a. Plant cells. b. Animal cells. c. Yeast d. All of the above.
d. All of the above.
During cellular respiration, a. The complete breakdown of glucose yields ATP molecules. b. Oxygen is required to produce ATP. c. NADPH is produced d. All of the above.
d. All of the above.
The energy released from ATP is used to a. Build new molecules. b. Perform life activities. c. Power chemical reactions. d. All of the above.
d. All of the above.
_____ Products of glycolysis include: a. Pyruvate. b. ATP. c. NADH. d. All of the above.
d. All of the above.
Which of the following is required for the light reactions to occur? a. sunlight b. water. c. Carbon dioxide d. Both (a) and (b)
d. Both (a) and (b)
What is the function of ribosomes? a. Convert sugar to energy b. Convert sunlight into sugars c. Store food molecules d. Create proteins from mRNA
d. Create proteins from mRNA
A net of 32 ATP molecules are produced during what process of cell respiration? a. The Calvin cycle b. The Krebs cycle c. Fermentation d. Electron transport chain
d. Electron transport chain
Muscle soreness can be experienced during and after intense labor, and is typically caused by a build up of __________ in cells. a. Ethanol. b. Carbon dioxide. c. ADP. d. Lactic acid
d. Lactic acid
Where does cellular respiration take place? a. Chloroplast c. Nucleus b. Ribosome d. Mitochondria
d. Mitochondria
The final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is: a. Pyruvate. b. Carbon dioxide c. Water d. Oxygen
d. Oxygen
Small sacs inside the chloroplast that look like junior mints are known as ______. a. Stroma b. Grana c. Granum d. Thylakoids
d. Thylakoids
Both carotenoids and chlorophyll a. are pigments b. absorb light energy c. are found in the chloroplast d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Factors that can affect the rate of photosynthesis include a. light intensity b. amount of available carbon dioxide c. temperature d. all of the above
d. all of the above
During cellular respiration, carbohydrates are ultimately broken down into a. Glucose. b. Water. c. Acetyl-coA d. carbon dioxide.
d. carbon dioxide.
The process of photosynthesis takes place in the cells of the ______________. a. Roots b. Flowers c. entire plant d. leaves
d. leaves
What is the source of oxygen produced in photosynthesis? a. carbon dioxide b. glucose c. air d. water
d. water
When a chlorophyll molecule absorbs light, a.It absorbs all wavelengths of light b.it disintegrates (breaks down) c.it absorbs mostly green light d.some of its electrons are excited to a higher energy level
d.some of its electrons are excited to a higher energy level