Biology Final Exam

The concentration of calcium in a cell is 3%. The concentration of calcium inthe surrounding fluid is 1%. Which of the following processes could the celluse to obtain more calcium?

active transport

The human life cycle consists of

adults who are diploid and produce haploid gametes; these gametes fuse to produce a diploid zygote which grows into an adult.

The filled-in squares of a Punnett square represent

all possible combinations of gametes based on a cross between the twoparents

A gene in DNA is the code for assembling a sequence of

amino acids

Which one of the following is the smallest unit of matter that has all the properties of an element? 1

atom

The first 22 pairs of chromosomes are called ________ while the 23rd pair are known as the __________ chromosomes, which code for gender.

autosomes: sex

Liver cells, muscle cells, and skin cells within the same individual contain identical genomes (what alleles they have); however, their proteomes (whatproteins they make) vary drastically. This is best explained by what biological phenomenon?

cell differentiation due to regulation of gene expression

Without gap junctions in certain tissues,

cells would not be able to communicate with each other.

Which of the following correctly lists the levels of biological organization fromsimplest to most complex?

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism

What is the structure that holds together the two sister chromatids that forma chromosome?

centromere

Glucose, C 6H 12O 6, is best described as a(n)

compound

The pH scale is a mathematical indicator of the

concentration of H + present in a solution.

Simple diffusion across a plasma membrane is called passive transport because it

does not require energy from the cell

DNA replication is called semiconservative because

each resulting DNA molecules is comprised of one new DNA strand and oneold strand.

Primroses have white flowers when grown above 32°C but red flowers whengrown at 24°C. This interaction between phenotypic expression andtemperature is an example of

environmental influence.

A heterozygote for a trait exhibiting incomplete dominance will

exhibit an intermediate phenotype.

Molecules move from greater to lesser concentration (along a gradient)through a carrier protein in

facilitated diffusion

Which of the following is a mechanism used to regulate enzyme activity?

feedback inhibition

The purpose of a control group in an experiment is

for comparison to the other test groups.

During which phase of mitosis are the sister chromatids separated and consequently become daughter chromosomes?

anaphase

You are looking at a cell under a microscope and see what appears to beseveral "X" structures (homologous chromosomes) being pulled to each sideof the cell. What stage of meiosis are you looking at?

anaphase I

Which of the following phases results in separation of sister chromatids into daughter chromosomes?

anaphase II and anaphase of mitosis

A(n) ________ can be defined as asubstance that keeps pH withinestablished limits by taking up excess H +or OH - in a solution.

buffer

Some insects can stride on the surface of water because water

has surface tension.

An intervening (non-coding) sequence of DNA that is not expressed and isusually removed during RNA processing is called a(n)

intron.

An atom that has an electrical charge is called a(n)

ion

The type of bond that would form from the transfer of an electron from oneatom to another is a(n) ________ bond.

ionic

An RNA molecule differs from a DNA molecule because RNA

is single-stranded, whereas DNA is double-stranded.

Which of the following provides the best definition of linked genes?

genes that do not sort independently because they are located on the samechromosome.

Following meiosis I, the daughter cells are ________; following meiosis II, the daughter cells are ________; and following fertilization and mitosis, the daughter cells are ________.

haploid; haploid; diploid

Ben was looking at onion root tip cells under the microscope in biologyclass. He saw one cell that had two fully formed nuclei within it. What stageof the cell cycle was this cell in?

telophase/cytokinesis

The development of new technologies (application of knowledge) is based on science (knowledge). 1

True

The plasma membrane consists primarily of phospholipids arranged in a bilayer with a mosaic of proteins suspended within it and attached to thesurface

True

Which of the following levels of biological organization is correctly matchedwith an example?

a desert with little water, high heat, sand, cacti, and some mammals ecosystem

ATP releases energy when

a phosphate is removed

The part of the enzyme into which the substrate fits is called the

active site

A triglyceride is formed when three fatty acids join a glycerol by a

dehydration synthesis reaction.

Which of the following terms best describes entropy?

disorder (disorganization)

A prokaryotic cell

does not have a membrane-bound nucleus

The primary structure of a protein refers to the

number and sequence of amino acids

Which answer choice lists the steps of the scientific method in the correct order?

observation, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, conclusion

What process allows water to move across a cell membrane?

osmosis

Both plants and animals need mitochondria to

produce ATP

The figure below shows a cell in the mitotic stage of

prophase

For the figure shown here, indicate the correct stage of meiosis and the whether the cell is haploid (n) or diploid (2n).

prophase II, n

Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Amino acids are needed to build ________,just as ________ are needed tocreate DNA.

proteins; nucleotides

A tetrad consists of

two homologous chromosomes each comprised of two sister chromatids.

Hydrolysis of sucrose, a disaccharide, results in

two monosaccharides.

A water molecule, as shown here, is polar because of

unequal sharing of electrons.

The three steps that are required for DNA replication are

unwinding, complementary base pairing, and joining.

Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about human bloodtypes?

Human blood type involves multiple alleles and each individual can have upto three different blood alleles.

A saturated fat has

no double bonds

The failure of sister chromatids to separate during meiosis is called

nondisjunction.

Which of the following structures would NOT be found in a prokaryotic cell?

nucleus

Which of the following is a common mechanism seen in bacteria(prokaryotes) for controlling the expression of multiple genes at thetranscription level using the same on/off switch.

operons

An analysis used to examine the pattern of inheritance for a single traitwithin a family by following the family history of a trait based on past matingevents is called a __________.

pedigree

A white blood cell surrounds and engulfs a worn-out red blood cell. This process is called

phagocytosis

Which of the following processes transforms solar energy into chemicalenergy?

photosynthesis

Plant cells and animal cells differ in cytokinesis because

plant cells need to build a cell wall, while animal cells do not.

Identify the organelle - function pairing that is mismatched.

plasma membrane - outermost barrier of a plant cell

Plant cells are connected and may communicate with each other through

plasmodesmata

People who suffer from Marfan syndrome have disproportionately longlimbs, a weakened aorta, and poor eyesight. All of these characteristics(phenotypic traits) are due to the production of abnormal connective tissue,resulting from a single defective gene. Marfan syndrome is an example of

pleiotropy.

Traits that are controlled by several sets or pairs of alleles, such as skincolor and height in humans, are the result of what form of inheritance?

polygenic

Using a one-trait testcross, a homozygous dominant individual is crossedwith a homozygous recessive individual. Which phenotype will be absent inthe F 1 generation?

recessive trait

Which of the following is a correct match?

separation of sister chromatids - anaphase II

Which of the following correctly lists the classification categories from leastto most inclusive?

species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain

A proto-oncogene differs from a tumor suppressor gene because a protooncogene

stimulates mitosis in a normal cell, whereas a tumor suppressor gene inhibitsmitosis.

Sam is studying the interaction between porcupines, pinion pine trees, and pine bark beetles. Over the course of his study in Colorado, he observes the behaviors of 25 porcupines, records the location of 151 pinion pines, and traps 332 beetles. How many populations does his study include?

3

What is the relationship among DNA, a gene, and a chromosome?

A chromosome is composed of linear sequences of DNA arranged into genes which code for proteins.

According to Chargaff's rule (rule of complementary base pairing), ________must pair with ________, and ________ must pair with ________.

A; T; C; G

Deoxyribose is a sugar found in

DNA

The central dogma of molecular biology states that the information containedwithin genes flows in which direction?

DNA to RNA to protein

DNA replication makes an exact ________ copy of both DNA strands, whiletranscription makes a complementary ________ copy of one DNA strand.

DNA; mRNA

If the parental genotype is EeWw, what are the potential allele combinationsthat could occur within each gamete at the end of meiosis?

EW, Ew, eW, andew

Determine if the following statement is true or false. Parents with thedominant phenotype cannot have offspring with the recessive phenotype.

False, because both parents could be heterozygous.

Which organelle modifies the contents within vesicles and then repackagesthem for export?

Golgi apparatus

Robert, an aspiring scientist in a biology class, wanted to conduct a study onthe effects of cigarette smoke on the web-building ability of spiders. Which ofthe following statements is an incorrect use of terms pertaining to the scientific method?

Robert wanted to see if his theory was true that cigarette smoke will influence web-building in spiders

Which of the following statements about atoms is correct? 1

The number and arrangement of electrons in an atom governs its chemical activity.

The four main categories of organic macromolecules are

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Isotopes of an element differ in their (1)

neutron number

tRNAs carrying the correct amino acid recognize the proper codons on themRNA because

the anticodon of the tRNA hydrogen binds to the codon of the mRNA bycomplementary base pairing.

Which of the following allows a eukaryotic cell and its internal organelles ortransport vesicles to move?

the cytoskeleton (microtubules)

Cancer occurs when

the regulation of the cell cycle is lost and uncontrolled cell division occurs

One of the main goals of meiosis is

to reduce the number of chromosomes by half in gametes.

When a portion of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to a different chromosome, this is called a

translocation.

In fruit flies, red-eyes are dominant to white-eyes. In addition, eye color is asex-linked trait. If a homozygous red-eyed female Drosophila mates with ared-eyed male Drosophila. What proportion of the female offspring will havewhite eyes?

0

The sequence of the mRNA that would result from transcribing a DNAtemplate strand with the bases TACGCTAAT would be

AUGCGAUUA.

Which of the following statements describes the function of a chloroplast?

It converts light energy into chemical energy.

Which base is found in DNA, but not in RNA?

Thymine

Megan has a widow's peak (dominant trait) and attached earlobes(recessive trait). Megan's dad has a straight hairline (recessive trait) andunattached (dominant trait) earlobes. What is Megan's genotype?

Wwee

During an osmosis experiment in class, you look at some animal cells under the microscope. You notice the cells look shriveled. What type of solution were the cells immersed in?

hypertonic

The stages of translation are

initiation, elongation cycle, and termination.

Steroid are classified as

lipids

Which of the following is a correct match?

lysosomes - cellular digestion

Living organisms must constantly take in energy in order to power functions necessary to remain alive. All of the chemical reactions that involve energy conversions within a cell are called

metabolism

The figure below shows a cell in the mitotic stage of

metaphase

During which stage of meiosis will the pairs of homologous chromosomes line up?

metaphase I

The figure shown here, indicates the correct stage of meiosis and whether the cell is haploid (n) or diploid (2n).

metaphase I, 2n

The mitotic spindle is composed of ________, which originate from the__________.

microtubules;centrosome