Biology Final (Quiz) | MCHS, Mr. Calderon. ~ Final Quiz.

What are the four "Nitrogenous Bases"?

Adenine → Thymine | Guanine → Cytosine. A note is the bonds between Guanine and Cytosine is that they have 3 rather than 2 like A→T.

What forms the backbone of the DNA chain?

Alternating phosphates and sugars. The term for alternating in reference to DNA is Anti-Parrell

What does 'DNA' stand for?

Deoxyribonucleic Acid.

What are 'genes'?

Genes are a set of instructions encoded in the DNA sequence of each organism that specify the sequence of amino acids in proteins characterics.

What type of bonds hold the nitrogen bases together?

Hydrogen bonds join them together.

What is the basic building block of DNA?

Nucliotides.

Why is DNA replication referred to as "Semiconservitive"?

It is referred to this because one strand is from the previous strand that it was copied from. When one strand separates, another 2 new pairs are made.

What is the purpose of replication?

It is to replicate and make new cells that help you grow. It happens the most when you're a fetus. You start with a sperm cell and egg, and eventually become a fetus, then a baby, and who you are now.

What is the purpose of DNA?

It is used similar to a book, as it is a set of instructions that guide the cells on what to do. They only need to read specific sections, but all have the same instructions.

What is "Base Pairing"?

It is where the nitrogenous pairs link together, they link up as I previously mentioned, A→T, and G→C

What is Watson and Cricks description of a DNA model?

It was called a "double helix", since the coiled DNA was wrapped so tightly.

What are the 2 main roles of DNA in Polymerase in DNA replication?

The main purpose of DNA is to make DNA from the nucleotides. They usually work in pairs to make new strands of DNA.

Where is the DNA stored in Eukaryotic Cells and Prokaryotic cells

The nucleus of a Eukaryotic cell is where the DNA is stored. Whereas, the cell membrane is where the DNA in a prokaryotic cell is stored (Since they lack a nucleus).

What are the pairs, that pair DNA together?

They are commonly referred to as 'Nitrogen Bases'. They are Adenine to Thymine and Guanine to Cytosine. Those are how they are paired.