Biology Final

Based on the graph in Figure. 48.14, what can you conclude about the relationship between atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and seawater pH?

An increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide is correlated with a decrease in seawater pH.

Which of the statements is true regarding atmospheric CO2 levels during the last 400,000 years?

Atmospheric CO2 levels fluctuate periodically, with the highest levels occurring during interglacial periods.

Which of the statements is true regarding CO2?

CO2 is released as a product of respiration. CO2 plays a vital role in maintaining Earth's temperature. CO2 can be produced by natural and man-made processes. CO2 is a greenhouse gas.

Which of the hypothetical lines of evidence most strongly refutes the hypothesis? More species exist in the tropics than in biomes at higher altitudes because the tropics have existed for a longer period of time.

Evidence that speciation rates of organisms at the equator are faster than those at higher latitudes.

What can Antarctic ice core samples tell us about atmospheric CO2 levels? Select all that apply.

Ice cores can help scientists estimate atmospheric CO2 levels from hundreds of thousands of years ago. CO2 ice core data confirm CO2 measurements taken directly from the atmosphere.

Measuring the isotopic composition of atmospheric CO2 shows that the burning of fossil fuels has led to _____ CO2 levels over the last 200 years.

Increasing

If you compare the Cape Grim data to the Keeling curve shown, what can you conclude about how the trend in O2 levels is related to the trend in CO2 levels?

O2 levels decrease as CO2 levels increase. Burning of fossil fuels consumes oxygen. When CO2 levels rise due to anthropogenic factors like burning fossil fuels, oxygen levels decrease.

If the Earth spun on an axis that was perfectly perpendicular to the equator, how might this affect the light at the Arctic Circle?

Solar radiation would strike the Arctic Circle every day

Which of the statements about global warming and the greenhouse effect is correct?

The greenhouse effect can lead to global warming

Current predictions of global climate change indicate that temperatures may rise by as much as 5°C in some areas. Imagine a chaparral location that experiences 100 cm of average annual rainfall and an average annual temperature of 15°C. If there were an increase of 5°C, what would you expect?

The region would be classified as a Savanna (read the graph)

Why are there no pronounced seasons at the equator?

The sun hits the equator more directly than any other latitude throughout the whole year.

Over the last several decades, what have researchers discovered about atmospheric CO2 levels?

They have increased.

The ocean, much like the atmosphere, can serve as a sink for man-made CO2. In fact, both Earth's atmosphere and the ocean store roughly equal amounts of man-made CO2.

True

Deserts caused by a rain shadow occur on the east side of the Sierra Nevada range in California. Why does the desert exist on the east side, but not the west side of the range?

Warm, moist air coming off the ocean rises as it encounters the mountain range and releases all its water as it moves up the mountain and the air cools. Dry air moving down the other side of the mountain causes arid desert.

On land, _____ are broad, ecologically uniform areas, recognized by their characteristic vegetation that reflects adaptation of form and physiology to climate.

biomes

The observation that atmospheric CO2 levels were typically low during glacial periods in Earth's history is an example of:

correlation

A general trend in global biodiversity is a gradient of:

decreasing diversity moving from the equator toward the poles.

Nearly 150 years ago, man-made CO2 was introduced into the atmosphere primarily through _____. Currently, _____ is the main contributing factor to increased levels of human-produced CO2 in the atmosphere.

deforestation; the burning of fossil fuels

Seasons are caused by the Earth's elliptical orbit around the sun.

false, it is the tilts

In the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere, the rate of photosynthesis is _____ in the summer and _____ in the winter.

highest; lowest

Warm air is _____ dense than cold air, and warm air holds _____ moisture than cold air.

less; more

The equation 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 represents the process of:

photosynthesis

The movement of Earth's crust, plate tectonics, contributes to the long-term carbon cycle through all of the answer choices except:

photosynthesis

Which biological process accounts for maximum CO2 levels observed in spring (May) and for lowest CO2 levels observed in fall (September)?

photosynthesis

Which of the options would result in a decrease in the size of your ecological footprint?

purchasing produce from local farmers instead of produce shipped from overseas

Photosynthesis _____ the atmosphere, whereas respiration _____ the atmosphere.

removes CO2 from; introduces CO2 to

The equation C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O represents the process of:

respiration

Photosynthesis and respiration both play a major role in the _____ carbon cycle and can affect atmospheric CO2 levels on a seasonal or annual basis.

short- term

Temperature differences on Earth are caused primarily by:

the amount of solar energy received per unit area at each latitude.

Which of the answer choices is a reservoir of carbon?

the atmosphere soil oceans organisms

Which of the choices would you expect to observe as you go from the base to the top of a mountain?

the same pattern of climate and biome change one would experience if hiking from low to high latitude

If the Earth spun on an axis that was perfectly perpendicular to the equator:

there would be no seasonality in climate.

Charles Keeling's work demonstrated that, over the last five decades, atmospheric CO2 levels have increased.

true

Of the processes involved in the long-term carbon cycle, which introduces CO2 back into the atmosphere?

volcanism