Biology Finale

Some plants failed to produce Chlorophyll and this trait appears to be recessive many plants also self pollinate if we locate a Pea plant that is heterozygous for this trait self pollinated it in harvest seeds what are the likely phenotypes of the seeds when they germinate

About 1/2 will be green 1/2 white since this is distribution of the genes in the parents

Conservation supports all the following ethical principles except

All animals have the same rights or legal status as humans

Although the sperm and egg or both produced by the process of meiosis they differ

All of the above are correct

Introduction of alien or exotic species into new ecosystem occurs by

All of the above are correct : when new settlers arrive in an area accidental transport by ship or plane without anyone's knowledge agriculture in horticulture activities

Among the evidence that Darwin examined

All of the previous

Codons are

All of the previous

The portion of the tRNAthat permits proper sequencing of amino acids to occur on the messenger RNA strand

All of the previous

Wetlands perform which of the following for ecosystems

All of the previous our functions performed by wetlands

Binary fission by bacteria differs from mitosis because

All the above are correct

Darwin observed that

All the previous

What are alleles

Alternative forms of a gene for a single trait such as blue eyes or brown eyes

If an individual with a dominant phenotype is crossed with an individual with a recessive phenotype four of their nine offspring show the recessive phenotype what is the genotype of the first parent

Aa

The offspring of a mono hybrid test cross would show the genotype

Aa and aa

Occasionally living fossils such as the coelacanth are found these organisms appeared to be a little change from their ancestors preserved in rock strata many millions of years ago such organisms often occur in ocean deeps and in soil and desert environment that change less often overtime this is an indication that

Although gene mutations maybe common there may be a little selection among individuals already well adapted to a uniform in varmint

Mc Arthur's discovery that each of the warblers feeding in a spruce trees on essentially the same food forages in different parts of the tree canopy was

An example of how the warblers partitioned the niche

What causes down syndrome

An extra chromosome 21

A species that is limited in size primarily by density independent effects so that it produces large numbers of offspring is called

An r-strategist

At which stage of meiosis is each chromosome composed of a single chromatid

Anaphase II

Based on the text coverage of the rate the mutation adaptation radiation etc. you can conclude that the rate of evolution progresses at

And an even rate and would produce different outcomes if rerun

Ocean currents

Are generated by friction between winds and ocean surfaces

As the carrying capacity of an environment is reached by population

Density dependent environmental resistance increases

Fungi and bacteria are detritus feeders also know as

Detritivores

The only heterotrophs required an ecosystem are

Detritvores

Which is not true about the chromosomes of multicellular organisms

Each chromosome separates into two daughter chromosomes by binary fission

In large natural ecosystems competition between two species overtime will usually results in

Each species occupying a slightly different niche

The temperature of water strata of a lake is uniform during the

End of the fall and spring overturn

Which statement represents the first law of thermodynamics

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

Virtually all specialized cells of multicellular organisms

Have the same amount of DNA in the same number of chromosomes as all other cells of the organism

What aspect of Mindel's background and gave him the necessary tools to discover the laws of inheritance

He studied mathematics and probability

Optimal circumstances for population growth includes all except

High predidation levels

And intervening sequence in a eukaryotic Gene that is not an active part of the gene is called

Intron

Apoptosis

Is programmed cell death is a process that asked to decrease the number of somatic cells works to oppose the effects of mitosis all of the previous

If a Pea plant shows a recessive phenotype

It can only be tt

Which of the statement is not true about RNA first hypothesis

It says that first Arnie then DNA then proteins would have been necessary to interact in the chemical evolution that would have led to the development of the first cell

Critical species that are so important that there extinction causes major changes and may threaten other species existence constitutes a

Keystone species

The factors that determine if it organism can live in an area is

Limiting factors

The earth is actually farther from the sun during the period when the northern hemisphere is having summer how can this be explained

The tilt of the earth presents the northern him or severe in a more perpendicular angle and this increases sunlight per service area offsets more than a decrease from at a distance

Which of the following is true about extinction

There are a variety of causes to extinction in an animal or plant may go extinct due to different combinations of factors

Treeless biomes are three lives primarily because

There is a lack of water or the water is frozen

Why do polar bodies form

They allow a reduction in chromosomes while preserving all the food for one egg

Consider the life of a praying mantis the large predatory female lays several hundred eggs in a full mass in the fall the young or most vulnerable when they merge in the spring but the few that survive spread out over the countryside and if they find a mate lay eggs the following fall which type of survivorship curve does this represent

Type three

Transcription of a part of a DNA molecule with a nucleotide sequence of AAACAACTT results in a mRNA molecule with the complementary sequence of

UUUGUUGAA

Common patterns of dispersion of individuals of populations are

Uniform random or clumped

Which of the following nucleotide bases is found only in RNA not DNA

Uracil

Natural selection was independently propose as a means of evolution by Darwin and

Wallace

Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas

Oxygen

Freshwater and marine microscopic organisms that freely drift in fresh or saltwater are called

Plankton

The number of individuals per-unit area or volume is the

Population density

Someone ask if some of the carbon Atoms in his body may have once made up the living tissue of another person or animal in earlier times this is

Possible since carbon cycles through the ecosphere

Interaction between two species in which one feeds on the other is

Predation

Symbiotic relationships include all of the following except

Predation

During which stage of meiosis does crossing over occurs

Prophase 1

Which sequence of stages in mitosis is correct

Prophase prometaphase metaphase anaphase telophase

The most common source of genetic variation in sexual reproducing organisms is

Recombination of alleles

Which of the following statements about DNA replication is not correct

Replication occurs as each base is paired with another exactly like it

Which of the classes of RNA molecules carries the amino acid's that are added to the growing polypeptide chain

Ribsomal RNA

Because one original strand of the double-stranded helix is found in each daughter cell the replication process is called

Semi conservative

Replication of DNA is

Semi conservative requires the unwinding of the double helix involves new complementary nucleotides, forming base pairs and then joining to form new strand all the previous

Plant pray defenses include which of the following

Sharp spines pointed leaves tough leathery leaves poisonous chemicals all of the above

Homologous chromosomes are

Similar in size similar in shape and location of the centerromere carry the genetic code for the same traits all of the previous

Descriptions of new species of insects are more likely to contain diagrams of the shape of the male genitalia then head wings or like parts why

Small changes in the genitalia cause reproductive isolation with a single species can tolerate water variations and head being in leg morphology

Which of these conditions is not among the requirements of the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium

Small population with genetic drift

Which statement is true about the water hydraulic cycle

Some water evaporates from land and from plants

And intimate relationship between two species in which co-evolution and adaptation occur

Symbiosis

Trees such as oak and maple and animals such as foxes and deer are found in the

Temperate deciduous forest

Which statement is not true about biological diversity

Temperate forest have more biological diversity than tropical rain forest

Where in the human male does spermatogenisis occur

Testes

Cytokinesis in plant cells differs from this process and animal cells because

The Golgi apparatus produces vesicles that migrate a long microtubules infused to become a cell plate become a cell plate

If early Viking explorers in Greenland and North America had survived and become the main ancestors of early north American settlers rather than the mixture of immigrants from across Europe and other continents today that would be a much higher incidence of nordic traits in the US population such as scenario would demonstrate

The founder effect

Sunlight that passes through the atmosphere is absorbed and is reiterated back as longer wavelengths heat waves that are trapped by gases in the atmosphere represents

The greenhouse effect which is proven immeasurable phenomenon

In multicellular organisms of mitosis is

The means of tissue growth and repair

Consider the consequences of a harmless prey that involves towards mimicry of a model that has anti-predator defense (Batesian mimicry). What happens to the effectiveness of this defense as more and more prey in the population are harmless mimics? Then consider what happens when a species with bad taste evolves to resemble a model that stings (mullerian mimicry)

The number of Bayesian mimics is limited because they dilute the protection afforded by the warning color pattern but the addition of more Mullerian in mimics only strengthens the protective mimicry complex

Generally as you move from the equator to the polls

The number of the mammalian species decreases

Which is not one of the preconditions in a population more natural selection is at work

The population becomes adapted to its environment

In an Asian rice paddy carpet did Cain materials from around the base of the rice plants while I snails grapes algae from the leaves stems and roots of the same plant they can survive at the same time in the same rice patty because they occupy

The same habitat but different Niche

The cell formed through fertilization is called a

Zygote

The term reducing atmosphere for the early earth means that the atmosphere

Contain little or no free oxygen

The critical checkpoints that control the cell cycle are at the

G1 to S stage and G2 to M stage

Which is a fire resources is not subject to inter-species competition

Mates

If you have two guinea pigs of the opposite sex both homozygous one black one brown but you didn't know which was Dominic characteristic how would you find out the dominant color

Meet them together and see what color the offspring are that will be the dominant color

Although cancer may originate in many regions of the body many patients die from cancerous growth in the Lungs lymph glands and liver this is most readily explained as

Metastasis occurring more commonly in organs I have filter affects

What is the term used to describe the accumulation of small changes in the gene pool of species overtime

Micro evolution

Which statement is not true about mitosis

Mitosis uses 2n parent sell to form a daughter cells containing n chromosomes as the parent cells

Development of a tumor from a benign form to a malignant form is dependent upon

Movement of tumor cells from the original location to another part of the body

A form of symbiosis in which both participants benefit

Mutualism

Which term describes the concept that no two species can have the same job in the community at the same time

Competitive exclusion

The trades Mindel studied in garden peas showed

Complete dominance

Approximately what percentage of the energy and one tropic level becomes incorporated into the next level at secondary productivity

10%

If they sell contains 12 chromosomes at the end of meiosis one how many chromosomes well the daughter cells contain at the end of meiosis two

12

If a sperm cell contains 8 chromosomes it comes from an animal that has

16

Consider the case of a lethal recessive gene located on a nonhomologous part of the human xchromasome it is therefore sex linked it affects is to prevent the full development of the embryo which is therefore reabsorbed at an early stage beginning with a female who carries the gene in a heterozygote state what proportion of the offspring will be female

2/3

If a species contains 23% a in its DNA what is the percentage of G it would contain

27%

If the probability of event a is three-quarter and the probability of event B is 1/4 then the probability of both a and B occurring at the same time is

3/16

The diploid number of chromosomes for humans is

46

If a woman is a carrier for the colorblind recessive allele and her husband is normal what are their chances that a son will be colorblind

50% since the mother is the only carrier

In a pedigree chart which is correct

A line between a circle in a square represents a mating

A keystone species is

A species whose removal cause major shifts in other species in a community

The maximum rate of natural increase of the population that can occur under ideal conditions is the

Biotic potential

Community diversity is made of

Both the number of species and the evenness or relative abundance of individuals of the different species

Homologous structures such as bones in wings flippers and arms are most closely concerned with

Comparative anatomy

A line of evidence not considered by Darwin in his development of the theory of natural selection is

Comparative biochemistry

A change in a regulatory gene

Can increase or decrease the expression of a structural gene

Population size is believed to level off at the ________of an enviroment

Carrying capacity

Cuvier addressed the comparative anatomy apostles in a theory of life changes called

Catastrophism

Which occurs in anaphase

Chromosomes move to opposite poles

Compared with the numbers of grasshoppers or deer there are not a lot of mountain lions the reason that large empires animals are rare in an ecosystem is that

Food chains are only 10 to 20% efficient at each step and top carnivores are physically limited and how far they can roam for food

Information from X-ray crystallographic Data collected by_______ was used by Watson and Crick in their development of the model of DNA

Franklin

All the conditions under which an organism could conceivably survive and reproduce constitutes it's

Fundamental niche

Which represents the correct sequence of stages in the cell cycle

G1 S G2 S

During which stage of the cell cycle is growth and replication of organelles most significant

G1 phase

Micro evolution is due to

Genetic flow gene you Tatian genetic drift non-random mating all of the previous

The overall process of mitosis functions to ensure

Growth and tissue repair

The overall function of meiosis includes all the following except

Growth of the overall individual

In human females when does meiosis to occur

Immediately after the sperm penetration of the secondary oocyte

Which is not true about daughter cells of mitosis and meiosis

In meiosis the daughter cells are genetically identical

Which statement is not true about nonrandom mating

Inbreeding is a change in allele frequency that increases the proportion of heterozygous in the population

Biology books earlier in the century assume that the earliest Proto so would have to be an autotroph

Incorrect since the premordial soup Could contain many performed food molecules

Social research indicates that a person is most likely to marry someone from the same village or city or a high school or college classmate therefore the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium does not apply well to human population because

Individuals are not. Up by chance across the whole population and genetic drift is more likely to change gene frequencies

Which of the following describes a type to survivorship curve

Individuals die at a constant rate throughout the time

Which statement is not true about X linked characteristics

Males can have two copies of the allele for the trait but females can have only one

Transitional forms are seen in the fossil records that link all of these groups except

Mammals and birds

If the hearty Weindburg equilibrium is met what is the net affect

No evolution because the alleles in the population remain the same

Energy flow in the ecosystem is not cyclic because energy is

No longer useful when it's converted to heat

When homologous chromosomes failed to separate during meiosis this is termed

Nondisjunction

Throughout the chapter a wide range of evidence has been brought together to describe what constitutes a species from all of this you can conclude that

None of the above is correct

The structure that contains the genetic information in a bacterial cell is called the

Nucleoid

Before the time of Gregor Mendel, sexual reproduction was thought to be produce a blending or equal mixing of the parents traits today we know that

Offspring in here at essentially 50% of their jeans from each parent but to sibling offspring may share with each other from 0 to 23 chromosomes in common from each parent and further variations may occur due to crossing over

Which is not true according to Mindel's law of segregation

One factor must be dominant and one factor recessive and each individual

Today is most appropriate to state that a gene controls

One polypeptide chain

And insect population lives along the edge of a northside mountain range the population from the east and west slope eventually join in a load northern pass and interbreed producing fertile offspring but they do not circle around the south edge because of the desert barrier when glaciers move south for the populations are pushed south of the northern pass and are isolated while isolated the two populations develop enough differences overtime that when the glglaciers retreat north and insects again share the same pass they no longer meet at the same time nor can they produce fertile offspring

They were originally one species but are now two species

The amount of Adenine is always equal to the amount of____ in DNA

Thymine

Primary succession takes much longer than secondary succession because it involves

Time for development of the soil horizons

Which would be characterized by poor soil and animals living in trees

Tropical rain forest

Which would be characterized by little rainfall permafrost in reindeer

Tundra

In 1942 researchers named Weiner and Landsteiner discovered that about 85% of the human population sampled possessed a blood cell protein that had been previously detected in rheses monkeys. This blood type was labeled RH positive and RH positive was found to be dominant over the absence of the blood factor. under normal Mendelian inheritance which of the following statements is false

Two Rh parents could have an RH+ child

Which does not occur in meiosis

Two daughter cells at completion