Biology Fitness trackers

Binds, connects, and supports the parts of the body Examples: Bone, Blood, adipose tissue

Connective tissue

7000-8000 steps a day

Although the CDC does not have recommendations for a daily step count, they recommend roughly 150 minutes of moderate exercise each week. This translates to

- Found within the body of the smart watch - Technology: Air pressure measurement - Measures changes in air pressure associated with changes in altitude - Determines total vertical distance covered

Barometer

true

Both tissues and organs consist of cells

Connect the trachea into the right and left lungs

Bronchi

Small tubes that branch from the bronchi further into the lungs

Bronchioles

reduces Type 2 diabetes

By forgoing a sedentary lifestyle, an individual ____________ their chances of obesity, heart disease, ____________ , and certain forms of cancer.

the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius.

Calories can be defined as

Heart

Cardiovascular system

Hormones

Chemical signals that are secreted by a tissue or gland to control the action of other tissues or glands in the body are called ____________.

Eliminates undigested materials; reabsorbs water and some salts

Large intestine

responsible for making sounds

Larynx

Approximately 50-60% of nightly sleep Most responsive time of sleep Body processes memories and conducts metabolic activities

Light Sleep

Produces bile to assist in the digestion of lipids; processes and stores nutrients

Liver

Lymph nodes, spleen

Lymphatic and immune systems

Breaks up food through mechanical digestion; starts chemical digestion

Mouth

Allows for movement of body parts Examples: Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Muscular Tissue

muscles

Muscular system

Filters, warms, and moistens incoming air

Nasal cavity

Receives stimuli Transmits information as nerve impulses Examples: Neuron

Nervous Tissue

Brain

Nervous system

true

Organs consist of one or more tissue types, whereas tissues consist of one or more cell types.

Produces digestive enzymes; helps regulate blood sugar levels

Pancreas

Centers for Disease Control 150 75

Per recommendation of the ____________ to prevent chronic diseases, an adult should get either ____________ minutes of light physical activity or ____________ minutes of rigorous activity per week.

1. Cell 2. Tissue 3. Organs 4. Organ systems 5. Individual

Place the following structures in the correct sequence of levels of biological organization. Start with the lowest level and build towards the highest.

Food Intake

Plays an important role in understanding how much energy your body expends to perform vital functions and basic metabolism

Water Intake

Plays an important role in understanding metabolism and prevents dehydration due to physical activity

Endocrine system

Produces hormones that coordinate organ systems

-Found on the underside of the smart watch -Technology: Photoplethysmography -Use of a green light to monitor blood flow in the capillaries of your wrist. -Determines heart rate, cardio fitness, and sleep patterns.

Pure Pulse

Approximately 20-25% of nightly sleep Characterized by randomizes eye movements Time during which brain maintenance occurs The muscles of the body are mostly inactive Dreaming occurs during this stage

REM

all

Regular exercise, such as walking, has a benefit for ____________ of the body systems, not just the obvious benefits to the muscles.

Testes, penis, ovaries, uterus, vagina

Reproductive system

Lungs

Respiratory system

- The ability to respond to stimuli within their environment - The ability to grow and develop - The ability to use nutrients to obtain energy - The ability to maintain a constant internal environment - The ability to reproduce

Select all of the characteristics that are true for all living things.

Heart rate data, including resting heart rate and heart rate while exercising The number of steps taken daily Type and duration of exercise

Select all of the following data that fitness trackers can use sensors to detect and track.

-A fitness tracker is able to provide a quick visual reference to let the user know how the body is functioning, and their overall health and fitness. - A fitness tracker provides data to estimate the total calories needed per day so an individual can adjust their diet to be in balance with the body's needs -By monitoring heart rate, the fitness tracker can calculate resting heart rates, sleep patterns, metabolic activity, and overall heart health. -A fitness tracker can monitor the amount of physical activity and determine if an individual is reaching activity goals to prevent chronic diseases. -A fitness tracker can keep records of data so individuals can track their changes and determine if they are reaching their personal goals.

Select all of the following statements that correctly describes how data obtained from the sensors in fitness trackers can provide useful information on an individual's personal health

Esophagus; transports food from the mouth to the stomach Salivary glands; lubricates food and begins carbohydrate digestion Gallbladder; Stores bile until needed for fat digestion

Select all of the organs that are correctly paired with their function in the digestive system.

Bones allow for movement to respond to external stimuli and maintain all actions necessary for life. Bones store calcium and help regulate blood calcium homeostasis. Some bones protect vital organs, keeping them from damage.

Select all the ways that the physiology of the skeletal system plays a role in maintaining homeostasis.

Ureters Urethra Kidneys Urinary bladder

Select those organs involved in urinary system function.

Lungs; main organs of gas exchange Larynx; also called the voice box, responsible for making sounds

Select those organs that are paired with their correct function within the respiratory system.

Bones

Skeletal system

-Found within the body of the smart watch. -Technology: Accelerometer -Detect changes in acceleration -Determines the type of exercises being conducted intensity of exercise, how much of the exercise is performed, and sleep patterns.

Smart Track

Mechanically mixes food; starts protein digestion

Stomach

cardio fitness level age and sex maximum volume of oxygen higher

The (___________) minimum volume of oxygen minimum heart rate cardio fitness level age and height is a numerical scale indicating the overall health of the cardiovascular system based on (______________) energy gain age and sex active age and height . The (______________) minimum heart rate active minimum volume of oxygen maximum volume of oxygen (VO2 Max), a measurement of how efficiently the body is using oxygen, provides information on cardio fitness level. A (___________________) lower age and height higher energy gain VO2 Max value indicates a more efficient cardiovascular system and better health.

resting heart rate not active 50 and 90 lower

The (______________________) resting heart rate active heart rate cardio fitness level minimum heart rate , defined as the number of times the heart is beating per minute when an individual is (_______________) age and height lower not active active , is an indicator of overall heart health. Typically measured between (____________________) 90 and 120 lower active 50 and 90 bpm, (______________________) lower energy gain higher minimum heart rate values suggest a stronger cardiovascular system since the heart has to work less to deliver blood while the body is in a resting state.

Calories

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius is referred to as __________.

cells

The basic units of life in the human body are _____. They work together to compose tissues, organs, and organ systems.

false

The cells in tissues and organs are identical, and they work together to accomplish multiple functions.

transporting nutrients to cells and wastes away from cells.

The function of the cardiovascular system can best be described as _______________.

Windpipe that connect the voiced to the bronchi

Trachea

organs

Two or more tissue types that work together to perform a specific function for the body are called _______________.

Urinary bladder, kidneys

Urinary system

Heart Rate

Uses a photoplethysmography sensor

Sleep Patterns

Uses both the photoplethysmography and the three-axis accelerometers

150 minutes of exercise weekly

What are current exercise recommendations for adults in order to maintain health?

60 minutes daily

What are the current recommendations for the amount of exercise needed by children in order to maintain health?

Weight Age Heart rate Sex

What data are taken into account to calculate cardio fitness levels?

Water imbalances can lead to health problems with all body systems.

What is the most likely outcome of an overall lack of water intake over time?

The heart pumps blood to and from the lungs and to and from the rest of the body.

What is the overall function of the heart?

They are devices that can collect and track information on various health indicators and apply that data using algorithms to provide an overall snapshot of general health.

What is the overall purpose of wearable fitness trackers?

Cardio fitness level scores use heart rate data, age, sex, and weight input to indicate overall cardiovascular health.

What is the purpose of the cardio fitness level reading given by fitness trackers?

Lower resting and sleeping heart rates suggest a stronger cardiovascular system, so this type of data can be used as an indicator of overall heart health.

What is the purpose of the resting and sleeping heart rate data collected by fitness trackers?

Some forms of cancer Type 2 diabetes Cardiovascular and heart disease

Which diseases are associated with a lack of exercise?

The kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

Which groups of organs are part of the urinary system?

The cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, and urinary systems

Which organ systems are involved in taking care of all body cells by supplying them with oxygen and nutrients and removing all wastes and carbon dioxide?

Hormones are chemical signals that are secreted by a tissue or gland to control the action of other tissues or glands in the body.

Which statement best defines a hormone?

Organs are collections of two or more tissues that work together to perform a specific function within the body.

Which statement best defines organs?

The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients that can be used by cells to generate energy for bodily functions.

Which statement best describes the function of the digestive system?

The nervous system is composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves and these organs detect and respond to external stimuli.

Which statement best describes the nervous system?

The nervous system allows the body to detect and respond to external stimuli.

Which statement best describes the role of the nervous system in homeostasis?

Because the body relies on all body systems in order to function properly, all body systems are responsible for maintaining homeostasis.

Which statement best summarizes the importance of the organ systems in maintaining homeostasis?

Higher cardio fitness levels indicate a more efficient cardiovascular system and better overall health.

Which statement is true about cardio fitness levels?

The CDC does not have any recommended daily step count

Which statement is true about the number of steps recommended by the CDC to maintain health?

Pulmonary arteries take blood from the heart to the lungs

Which statement is true about the structure of the heart?

All living things are able to maintain a constant internal environment

Which statement reflects a characteristic of all life?

Regular exercise is helpful in preventing many diseases, including heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and many forms of cancer. Regular exercise improves the cardiovascular system as well as all other body systems.

Why is regular exercise important?

It transports nutrients and wastes, as well as acting as a medium for many of the chemical reactions necessary for health.

Why is water important to the human body?

duration

With research confirming that it is the ____________ of the exercise that provides the greatest health benefits, walking is one of the easiest and effective means of reaching your physical activity goals.

cells

Within the body, groups of similar __________________ that work together to perform a similar function are called tissues.

Physical Activity less than minimum

____________ or exercise has been linked to both immediate and long-term health benefits, but ____________ half of adult Americans get the ____________ amount of physical activity recommended per week.

Steps

Three-axis accelerometer sensors

Covers the body surfaces Lines the cavities of the body Forms glands Examples: Cuboidal, columnar, and squamous layers

Epithelial Tissue

60 day

For young adults and children, the recommendation is ____________ minutes per ____________ of activity

tissues

Groups of cells that work together to perform a specific function in the body are called _______________-.

tissues

Groups of similar cell types that work together to perform a specific function in the cell are called _____________.

Pure Pulse Smart Track Barometer

Identify the basic sensors found on a Fitbit sort watch.

obesity cardiovascular and heart disease certain forms of cancer

In America, less than half of the adults are getting the minimal amount of physical activity recommended per day. Due to the lack of exercise, these individuals are increasing their chances of developing __________.

Food Intake

Indirectly calculates the number of calories by using physical data, heart rate, activity levels, and basal metabolic rate

Skin

Integumentary system

Heart beat zones energy usage maximum heart rate metabolism

(_________________) Heart rate zones Minimum volume of oxygen Energy gain Minimum heart rate are an indicator of the relationship of heart rate to fitness goals and (______________________) energy usage active energy gain age and height . Heart rate zones, determined by the percent of (____________________) minimum heart rate minimum volume of oxygen maximum volume of oxygen maximum heart rate , are used to show how heart rate plays an important role in determining (__________________) minimum volume of oxygen energy gain metabolism maximum volume of oxygen , or how the body processes nutrients for energy.

Water Intake

Data entered directly by user

Approximately 10-25% of nightly sleep The brain is mostly inactive Body focuses on maintenance activities

Deep Sleep

Heart Rate

Determines heart health, overall cardiovascular system health, and aids in determining metabolism and how the body processes nutrients for energy

Sleep Patterns

Determines the quality of your nightly sleep and if there are changes in sleep patterns

Steps

Determines the type, duration, and frequency of movement and how this information provides an indication of health of a number of body systems

Stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, gallbladder

Digestive system

false

Each organ performs multiple functions, whereas a designated tissue performs only one function.

Adrenal glans, sex organs, pancreas

Endocrine system

pulmonary circuits systemic circuits

The right side of the heart serves the ____________________- circuit and the left side of the heart serves the ___________________ circuit.

Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton

The two parts of the skeleton include the __________________ skeleton, which is comprised of the skull, rib cage, vertebral column, saccrum, and coccyx; and the __________________ skeleton, which is composed of all other bones.