Biology: Genetics and Heredity

When Mendel crossed purebred purple flowering plants (PP) with purebred white flowering plants (pp), what were the flower colors of the resulting offspring?

100 percent purple

Two plants are heterozygous for seed shape and have round seeds. If the two plants are crossed, what is the probability that the offspring will have wrinkled seeds?

25 percent

Purple flowers are dominant over white flowers. A heterozygous purple flower is crossed with another heterozygous purple flower. What will the ratio of purple to white be?

3:1

In pea plants, tall plant height is dominant over short plant height. If there are 200 short plants in the F2 generation from a cross that followed Mendel's methods, about how many plants will be tall in that generation?

600

The Punnett square predicts the ratio of genotypes in the offspring, based on the genotypes of the parents. The Punnett square below examines the chance of offspring having freckles, which is a dominant trait. Based on the Punnett square, what is the probability that the offspring will have freckles?

75 percent

A dihybrid cross is created from plants that are heterozygous for both round seeds and yellow seed color. What is the ratio of offspring that have round seeds and yellow seed color?

9:16

If you inherit the genotype AO for blood from your parents, what blood type do you have?

A

Which statement describes Mendel's hypotheses regarding gametes?

A gamete carries one allele for a gene

The flowchart below shows the three generations of a cross between a pea plant that has yellow pods and a pea plant that has green pods. Green pods are the dominant trait. The flowchart is missing the labels that describe the traits.In which squares should the phrase "Green pods" appear?

A, C, and D only

Which statement about inheritance is true?

Fathers always determine the gender of the offspring in humans

Which statement summarizes the law of segregation?

Gametes carry one allele for each trait

What can be known about Mendel's five-part hypothesis?

It is an answer to a specific question and is based mostly on his research

If blood is in short supply, which blood type would be the most beneficial to have on hand if someone needed a blood transfusion?

O-

Why did Gregor Mendel use peas in his experiments?

Peas have characteristics that have two forms

Drosophila eye color is an X-linked trait. Red eye color is dominant, and white eye color is recessive. Which Punnett square shows a cross in which the probability of offspring will have red eyes is 100 percent?

Punnett square A

If a red cow (homozygous dominant) is crossed with a white cow (homozygous dominant), what alleles will the offspring have?

RW

Parents that are heterozygous for having freckles (dominant) are crossed. Which correctly describes their offspring?

Seventy-five percent have freckles

The offspring of a particular cross are 100 percent heterozygous for the trait of plant height. What were the most likely genotypes of the parents?

TT x tt

The Punnett square predicts the ratio of genotypes in the offspring, based on the genotypes of the parents. In this cross, tallness (H) is dominant to shortness (h). Based on the Punnett square, what is the phenotype of the offspring?

Tall

Gregor Mendel crossed homozygous tall plants (TT) with homozygous short plants (tt). All the resulting offspring were tall. From these results, what conclusion did Mendel draw?

Tallness is a dominant trait

Which statement is always true when describing sex-linked inheritance?

The alleles are found on the X or Y chromosomes

The graph demonstrates the quantitative variation for skin pigmentation. Which conclusion is supported by the graph?

The lightest and the darkest skin pigmentations are equally common in the population

Which statement describes the offspring of the F1 generation when crossing a pea plant that is true breeding for green seeds with a pea plant that is true breeding for yellow seeds?

The offspring will inherit one allele from each parent

Why did Gregor Mendel choose to use purebred plants in his experiments?

They exhibit only one form of a trait

What is one of the reasons why Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants?

They reproduce sexually

There are two different alleles for flower color, P and p. The image shows a white sweet pea with a genotype of pp. What can you surmise from the labeled image?

White petal color is a recessive trait

Which allele combination represents a female who is a carrier for an X-linked recessive disorder?

XRXr

Which allele combination represents a female who is heterozygous for a sex-linked trait?

XRXr

What is genotype for a recessive trait found on the female chromosome?

Xh

Which represents polygenic inheritance of traits?

a mix of blue, green, and brown eye colors

Which statement best describes human eye color?

a polygenic trait that follows non-Mendelian inheritance patterns

What alternate form of genes do nucleic acids have that allows them to offer variability?

allele

The concept of evolution by way of natural selection is a central tenet in biology that has been tested in numerous ways by many scientists. Evolution by way of natural selection is most likely which type of concept?

an explanation of phenomena that can be accepted as true because it is supported by repeated observations and experimentation

A scientist wants to examine a genetic disease in humans. The scientist hypothesizes that the disease can be treated by using gene therapy. Humans take a long time to reproduce and develop, so the scientist will have to

develop new methods to test the hypothesis

Based on the pedigree that is shown, which describes John?

does not have hemophilia

A purebred purple flowering plant is crossed with a purebred white flowering plant, and they produce offspring that have purple flowers. Which is the trait for purple flowers?

dominant

Gregor Mendel's research formed the basis of the field of

genetics

What does the notation Rr mean to geneticists?

heterozygous alleles

Which term describes an organism that has identical alleles for a trait?

homozygous

Which type of scientific statement is defined as "a possible explanation or answer to a scientific question that is based on prior knowledge or research and is testable"?

hypothesis

Which inheritance pattern results when parents with pure traits are crossed and the resulting offspring have traits that appear to be a blend of the parents' traits?

incomplete dominance

Each kernel of corn on a single ear can inherit a different set of alleles from those inherited by other kernels. This characteristic makes corn a useful example of which law or principle?

law of independent assortment

What controls traits and inheritance?

nucleic acids

Which has the most control of traits and inheritance?

nucleic acids

Which type of traits vary quantitatively due to the interaction of multiple genes?

polygenic

Pietro has two dogs that are related, and he wants to understand why one of the dogs has tan fur and the other has brown fur. Which pattern of inheritance would explain the different fur color in the related dogs?

polygenic inheritance

The diagram represents one of Mendel's laws or principles of inheritance. Which law or principle shown in the diagram is represented by the F2 generation having one gene from each parent?

segregation

Which pedigree symbol is used to represent a female carrier of a recessive X-linked trait?

symbol B

Which symbol is used to label a male that expresses a sex-linked disorder on a pedigree?

symbol D

What is the purpose of using a pedigree?

to understand patterns of inheritance in organisms